Chemical Identification Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

calcium ions Symbol Test Result Ca2+ Flame test Brick-red flame

sodium ions Symbol Test Result Na+ Flame test Orange flame

lithium ions Symbol Test Result Li+ Flame test Crimson red flame

potassium ions Symbol Test Result K+ Flame test Lilac flame

Copper(II) ions Symbol Cu2+ Test Add sodium hydroxide solution Result Blue precipitate

Iron(II) ions Symbol Fe2+ Test Add sodium hydroxide solution Result Dark green precipitate

Iron(III) ions Symbol Fe3+ Test Add sodium hydroxide solution Result Brown precipitate

ammonium ions Symbol NH4+ Test Add sodium hydroxide solution Result Pungent gas that turns litmus paper blue

Oxygen gas Symbol Test Result O2 Glowing spill Spill relights

Hydrogen gas Symbol Test Result H2 Ignite Squeaky pop

Ammonia gas Symbol NH3 Test Insert damp litmus paper Result Litmus paper goes blue

Carbon dioxide gas Symbol CO2 Test Bubble trough limewater Result Limewater goes cloudy white

Chlorine gas Symbol Cl2 Test Insert damp litmus paper Result Litmus paper bleaches white

chloride ions Symbol Cl- Test Result Cl- Add nitric acid then silver nitrate solution White precipitate

bromide ions Symbol Br- Test Result Br- Add nitric acid then silver nitrate solution Cream precipitate

iodide ions Symbol I- Test Result I- Add nitric acid then silver nitrate solution Yellow precipitate

Sulfate ions Symbol SO42- Test Result SO42- Add hydrochloric acid then barium chloride solution White precipitate

carbonate ions Symbol CO32- Test Add hydrochloric acid Result Effervescence (or bubbling)