The transition period from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence Unit 9 The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

Physical Development Puberty The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. Two year growth spurt Girls-around 11 Boys-around 13 Click above to see all you ever need to know about puberty.

Physical Development

Primary Sexual Characteristics Physical Development Primary Sexual Characteristics Body structures that make reproduction possible. Penis Testes Vagina Ovaries

Secondary Sexual Characteristics Physical Development Secondary Sexual Characteristics Non-reproductive sexual characteristics. Body Hair Widening of the Hips Deeper Voice Breast Development

Physical Development Landmarks for Puberty Menarche (first menstruation) for girls. 9-11 yrs. Spermarche(first ejaculation) for boys. 12-14 yrs. Click Tampax for one of those ridiculous commercials.

In 1994, she was invited to speak at a United Nations conference on AIDS. She was asked whether it would be appropriate to promote masturbation as a means of preventing young people from engaging in riskier forms of sexual activity, and she replied, "I think that it is part of human sexuality, and perhaps it should be taught." This remark caused great controversy and resulted in Elders losing the support of the White House. Joycelyn Elders Surgeon General 1993-1994

Physical Development Raging hormones & frontal lobe dev. explains impulsiveness, risky behavior, and emotional storms. Early physical development Males are more popular, confident, and independent, but have higher risk behavior with sex and alcohol. Females are more stressed, associate with older peers, suffer teasing and sexual harassment.

Before adolescence, brain cells increase their connections During Adolescence, brain begins pruning cells not needed Risky/impulsive behavior-thanks to the American Psychological Association and others, the Supreme Court ruled the death penalty for 16-17 year olds unconstitutional in 2005

Cognitive Development Have the ability to reason but……. The reasoning is self-focused. Teens assume that their experiences are unique. Formal operational thought (Piaget) Abstract logic-IF this, THEN that

Its all about forming an identity!!! Social Development Its all about forming an identity!!!

Identity One’s sense of self Social Development Identity One’s sense of self An adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development

Social Development Identity Some teenagers take their identity early by sharing their parents’ values and expectations. Some will oppose society, but conform to a peer group.

Identity If teens successfully experiment with different roles, they develop a sense of personal identity. If they fail to develop their own personal identity, they become confused about who they are.

Identity- Amish youth & Rumspringa

Social Development Intimacy Towards the end of adolescence, intimacy becomes the prime goal.

Social Development Erik Erikson Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others. 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development. Each stage centers on a social conflict/new challenges. Each stage named after possible outcomes. Adolescent stage is Identity vs. Role Confusion.

1.Trust v. Mistrust Infancy, birth-1yr. Can a baby trust the world to fulfill its needs? The trust or mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives.

2. Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt Early childhood 2-3 yrs. old Toddlers begin to control their bodies (toilet training, feeding and dressing themselves). Control Temper Tantrums Big word is “NO” Can they learn control or will they doubt themselves?

3. Initiative V. Guilt 4-5 yrs. Old (preschool) Word turns from “NO” to “WHY?” Want to understand the world and ask questions. Control impulses & act in socially responsible way? Is their curiosity encouraged or scolded?

4. Industry (competence) v. Inferiority 6-12 yrs. old. School begins We are for the first time evaluated by a formal system and our peers. Do we feel good or bad about our accomplishments? Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives…inferiority complex.

5. Identity v. Role Confusion Adolescence 13-18 yrs. old In our adolescent years, we try out different roles. Who am I? Determine identity & direction in life. What group do I fit in with? If I do not find myself I may develop an identity crisis.

6. Intimacy v. Isolation 19-30 yrs. old. Young adulthood Have to balance work and relationships. Develop intimate relationships? What are my priorities? Marriage?

7. Generativity v. Stagnation 45-65 yrs. old. Middle adulthood Is everything going as planned? Am I happy with what I created? (parenting & career or overly self-absorbed) Mid–life crisis?!

8. Integrity v. Despair 66+ Late adulthood Look back on life. Was my life meaningful or do I have regrets? Contentment or disappointment?

James Marcia Expanded on Erikson’s work and divided the identity crisis into four states. Not stages, so people do not progress from one step to the next, nor must everyone go through each state.

James Marcia’s Adolescent Identity Status Categories Identity Foreclosure- conforming to adult wishes Tend to be inflexible and intolerant Prematurely commits Identity Moratorium- searching & exploring I don’t know, but I want to know Delay commitment Identity Diffusion- no commitment or goals Tend to be angry and rebellious Lacks direction Identity Achievement- explored, then committed High self esteem and self-acceptance Considers alternatives then commits

Identity Foreclosure – means that the adolescent blindly accepts the identity and values that were given in childhood by families and significant others. The adolescent's identity is foreclosed until they determine for themselves their true identity. The adolescent in this state is committed to an identity but not as a result of their own searching or crisis. Identity Moratorium – adolescent has acquired vague or ill-formed ideological and occupational commitments; he/she is still undergoing the identity search (crisis). They are beginning to commit to an identity but are still developing it. Identity Diffusion – the state of having no clear idea of one's identity and making no attempt to find that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they seem to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching. Identity Achievement – the state of having developed well-defined personal values and self-concepts. Their identities may be expanded and further defined in adulthood, but the basics are there. They are committed to an ideology and have a strong sense of ego identity. Source: http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/jwb/Psychology/Personality/JamesMarcia.htm