By: Josh Sampsell, Nichole Bell, Jess Reed, and Jessica Christo Erik Erikson By: Josh Sampsell, Nichole Bell, Jess Reed, and Jessica Christo

Terms Maladaptation – Incomplete, inadequate, or faulty adaptation Malignancy – The state of being malignant (showing great malevolence; disposed to do evil) Autonomy – Independence or freedom, as of the will or one’s actions Generativity – A concern for people besides self and family Stagnation – The state or quality of being or feeling sluggish and dull; a failure to develop, progress, or advance

8 Developmental Stages in Human Life

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust Birth to 1 year of age If an infant’s needs are met he will develop trust Some mistrust is necessary to learn to determine who is honest and who is not If mistrust wins over trust in this stage the child will have issues such as frustration, withdrawal, suspicion, and a lack of self-confidence Virtue/Strength: Hope/Drive Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Sensory Distortion/Withdrawl

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Ages 1 to 3 The child requires a sense of self-control without a loss of self-esteem Shame and doubt about the child’s self-control occur if basic trust was insufficiently developed or was lost (such as by an over-controlling parent) The child encounters rules in this stage Virtue/Strength: Willpower/Self-Control Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Impulsivity/Compulsion

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt Ages 3 to 6 The child finds out what type of person it will be As the child develops a sense of responsibility, its initiative increases An irresponsible child will have uncomfortable guilt feelings Virtue/Strength: Purpose/Direction Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Ruthlessness/Inhibition

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority Ages 6 to 12 The child desires to enter the world of knowledge and work The child enters school and is exposed to technology The child learns Successful experiences give the child a sense of industry (competence and mastery) Failure gives the child a sense of inferiority and inadequacy Virtue/Strength: Competence/Method Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Narrow Virtuosity/Inertia

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescence, ages 12 to 19 The first 4 stages contribute to this stage Concern for identity is at its highest Adolescents search for their true selves Virtue/Strength: Fidelity/Devotion Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Fanaticism/Repudiation

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adulthood, ages 20 to 25 Intimacy with other people requires that the person emerges from stage 5 with a well integrated identity If the person does not have a well integrated identity at this point they feel isolated Virtue/Strength: Love/Affiliation Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Promiscuity/Exclusivity

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation Ages 25 to 64 The person desires to assist the younger generation in developing and leading productive lives If a person does not try to help the younger generation, they experience stagnation Virtue/Strength: Care/Production Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Overextension/Rejectivity

Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair Late adulthood, age 65 to death The individual evaluates their life: Previous stages developed properly The person experiences integrity Previous stages did not develop in a positive way The person experiences despair Virtue/Strength: Wisdom/Renunciation Maladaptaion/Malignancy: Presumption/Disdain

Works Cited Dewey, Russ. "Erikson's Psychosocial Stages | in Chapter 11: Personality | from Psychology: An Introduction by Russ Dewey." Psych Web by Russ Dewey. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch11_personality/eriksons_psychosocial_stages.html>. "Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Human Development, Eight Crisis Stages Human Life-cycle, for Teaching and Learning, Child Development. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. <http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_psychosocial_theory.htm>. "Psychology History." Welcome to Muskingum University. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/erikson.htm>.