What I have to Learn Today What factors brought about the Industrial Revolution? 2. Why was the Industrial Revolution a revolution? 3. How did the Industrial Revolution bring about an era of reform?

The Industrial Revolution 1800-1914

Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin? Three Factors Agricultural Revolution Population Explosion Energy Revolution

The Beginnings of Industrialization Definition: Process of developing machine production of goods. The Industrial Revolution was the great increase in production that began in England in the 18th Century. The Industrial Revolution began with the Agricultural Revolution in Western Europe.

Factor #1 Agricultural Revolution The Dutch built dikes to protect farmland from the sea and use animal fertilizer to improve soil British farmers practiced a new method called crop rotation—planting a different crop in a different field each year, to produce more food . Jethro Tull invented the seed drill that made planting more efficient.

Factor #2 Population Explosion The agricultural revolution helped to create a population explosion. Since women ate better, they had healthier and stronger babies. At the same time, medical care improved. People lived longer lives.

Resources Needed for Industrialization HOME 1 Resources Needed for Industrialization Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four natural resources needed for industrialization and how each resource is used. Natural Resource Use 1. 2. 3. 4. Coal Fuel new machines Construct new machines, tools, buildings Iron ore Rivers Inland transportation Docking stations for merchant ships Good harbors continued . . .

Britain Leads the Way The Industrial Revolution began in Britain. Britain had: coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors, and banks. Britain also had all the factors of production— land labor (workers) and capital (wealth) needed to produce goods.

Britain Leads the Way During the early Industrial Revolution, iron and coal were very important. Iron was needed to produce machines and steam engines. Britain was the first to industrialize—the process of developing machine production of goods The British began using coal, instead of wood, for fuel in the production of iron.

Britain Leads the Way In Britain, the textile industry was the first to use inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Earlier, families spun raw cotton into thread and then wove the thread into cloth at home. By the 1700’s, new machines allowed people to make cloth much faster. However, the machines were too large and expensive to be operated at home. Instead spinners and weavers worked in long sheds that became the first factories Early textile factory

Factor #3 Energy Revolutions Business owners built factories—buildings where goods are made, near rivers because these machines needed water-power to run them. Water wheel

Energy Revolutions The invention of the steam engine in 1705, brought in a new source of power The steam engine used fire to heat water and produce steam to drive engines. English inventors used coal to power the steam engine. Steam engines became the power source of the early Industrial Revolution.

Causes of the Industrial Revolution AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Dutch build dikes British discover ways to produce more food, and invent seed drill BETTER FOOD PRODUCTION POPULATION EXPLOSION People eat better Women give birth to healthier babies Better medical care slows death rate MORE DEMANDS FOR GOODS ENERGY REVOLUTION Water wheels power new machines Coal used to fuel steam engine FASTER PRODUCTION OF GOODS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Inventions Help Change Transportation As steam engines were being used to run factories, at the same time steam power would change transportation. Robert Fulton, an American invented the first steam driven boat. The invention allowed people to send goods more quickly over rivers and canals. Early Steam boat

Inventions Help Change Transportation Starting in the 1820’s steam brought a new burst of industrial growth. George Stephenson, a British engineer, set up the world’s first railroad line. It used a steam-driven locomotive. The railroad had a deep effect on industrial society, for instance, people could now travel throughout the country more quickly. Locomotive

Inventions Help Change Business The railroad boom helped business owners move their goods to market more quickly. It created thousands of new jobs in several different industries. For instance: Lumber Railroads Mining

Industrialization Change People’s Way of Life Industrialization brought many changes: More people could use coal to heat their homes, eat better food, and wear better clothing. Urbanization—city building and the movement of people to cities.

Urbanization

Urbanization By the 1800’s, more and more people lived in cities. Living conditions were unsanitary in crowded cities. Many people could not find good housing, schools, or police protection. Filth, garbage, and sickness were part of life in slums London Slum

Working Conditions Working conditions were also bad. The average worker spent 14 hours a day on the job, 6 days a week, for only a few cents an hour. The work was boring, and the machines were dangerous. Many workers were killed or seriously injured in accidents. If workers were sick or injured, they lost their jobs.

Working Conditions Children worked as hard as adults, for even lower wages. Parents let their children work because the money children earned was needed to support their families.

HOME 2 Industrialization PATTERNS OF CHANGE MAP Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the social classes in industrial England, and list the types of laborers and professionals included in each group. 4. Working Class 3. Lower Middle Class 2. Upper Middle Class 1. Upper Class Landowners, aristocrats Factory owners, merchants, government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers Factory overseers, skilled workers Workers in factories, mines continued . . .

Industrialization Blessing or Curse? POSITIVE EFFECTS Factories created new jobs More goods became available at a cheaper cost Railroads made transportation available over longer distances Middle class benefited the most Opportunities for all classes of people increased. NEGATIVE EFFECTS Low pay Overcrowded cities Unsanitary living conditions caused social problems Child labor Unsafe working conditions

New Ways of Thinking THINKER IDEA Adam Smith Karl Marx Capitalism (laissez faire) Argued that governments should not put limits on business—hands off. People invest money to make a profit. Adam Smith As long as the population increases, the poor suffer. Poor people should have fewer children Thomas Malthus Utilitarianism—The goal of society should be the happiness of its people Jeremy Bentham Government should help to improve the lives of the poor John Stuart Mill Scientific Socialism (Marxism)—History is a class struggle between the HAVES and HAVE-NOTS. Capitalism will eventually destroy itself and a classless society will develop. Karl Marx

Economic arrangements central to society HOME 4 An Age of Reforms GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare and contrast capitalism and Marxism. Capitalism Only Marxism Only Both Supported individual freedom; opposed government intervention; guided by profit motive; individual ownership of private property Economic arrangements central to society Factors of production owned by people; governmental control of factories, mines; predicted proletariat revolution continued . . .

Into the 20th Century New Inventions Change the World

New Inventions Change the World

Nineteenth-Century Progress 4 4 HOME 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 1. List the inventors, scientists, and thinkers covered in this section, and connect them with the invention, discovery, or new idea for which they were responsible. Gregor Mendel, genetics Thomas Edison, light bulb Joseph Lister, antiseptic Edwin S. Porter, feature film Charles Darwin, theory of evolution Henry Ford, assembly line People and Progress Ernest Rutherford, subatomic particles Alexander Graham Bell, telephone Marie and Pierre Curie, radium & polonium Wilbur and Orville Wright, airplane Guglielmo Marconi, radio Ivan Pavlov, conditioned response John Dalton, atomic theory Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis Louis Pasteur, germ theory Dmitri Mendeleev, periodic table continued . . .

Industrial Revolution Quiz Industrial Revolution

Question #1 What was one way that the agricultural revolution contributed to the Industrial Revolution? It triggered a population explosion It tied peasants even more closely to the land. It ended feudalism D. It replaced strip farms

Question #2 The steam engine Animals The windmill The dynamo Which of the following was the most important source of power for the early Industrial Revolution? The steam engine Animals The windmill The dynamo

Question #3 What natural resources gave Britain an advantage in the Industrial Revolution? Water and forests Wildlife and precious gems Coal and iron Stable government

Question #4 In what industry did the Industrial Revolution first take hold in Britain? Textiles Iron production Agricultural Transportation

Question #5 What invention made possible the growth of railroads? The spinning jenny The factory The turnpike The steam locomotive

Question #6 What was one reason that parents accepted child labor? They didn’t care for their children The law gave them no choice The children were fed at work They needed the additional money

Question #7 Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution? The working class Farmers The middle class The nobility

Question #8 The assembly line was one new development that made productions faster and cheaper only cars production slower the Bessemer process possible

Question #9 One example that changed communications is the electric light bulb dynamite the telephone the Bessemer process

Question #10 The principles of Marxism come into direct conflict with Utilitarianism Capitalism Communism Socialism