CAT TOOLS

OVERVIEW - DETAILS ESSENTIALS: Types of computer aides CAT vs. MT General principles of working with CAT tools SOME OF THIS TODAY!

LITERATURE Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown, A Practical Guide for Translators (Topics in Translation), Multilingual Matters, 4th edition (May 28, 2004) H. L. Somers (Editor), Computers and Translation: A Translator's Guide (Benjamins Translation Library, 35), John Benjamins Publishing Co, 1st edition (May 2003) Bert Esselink, A Practical Guide to Localization (Language International World Directory), John Benjamins Publishing Co, Revised 1st edition (September 2000) Silvia Pavel and Diane Nolet, Handbook of Terminology, Translation Bureau of Canada, 1st edition (2001) Frank Austermuhl, Electronic Tools for Translators (Translation Practices Explained), St. Jerome, 1st edition, (April 2001)

ESSENTIALS AND MORE ABOUT THE COURSE IT AND TRANSLATION ESSENTIALS AND MORE ABOUT THE COURSE

TYPES OF COMPUTER AIDES Computer aides / tools that are relevant to translators can be roughly classified into three groups: Basic input and editing tools Reference tools Productivity tools WORD PROCESSORS Electronic books (desktop & web) Electronic dictionaries Web (Eurodicautom, onelook, etc.) Software-based reference materials (encyclopedias, e-Bible, etc.) TM tools MT tools Speech Technology (i.e. voice recognition)

CAT vs MT As soon as you start using computer software in the process of translating, you are entering the realm of COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSLATION, or CAT in short. In other words, CAT is a form of translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer software designed to support and facilitate the translation process.

CAT vs MT (continued) The problem is that COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSLATION, is sometimes also called COMPUTER-ASSISTED TRANSLATION, MACHINE-AIDED TRANSLATION or MACHINE-ASSISTED TRANSLATION. Due to the latter two terms, CAT is sometimes confused with MACHINE TRANSLATION, or MT in short.

CAT vs MT (continued) Although these two concepts are related and similar in some aspects, CAT and MT denote two diametrically different processes: In CAT, the computer program merely supports the translator, so the translator translates the text himself/herself, making all the essential decisions involved. In MT, the translator supports the machine, that is to say: the computer (i.e. program) translates the text, which is then edited by the translator, or, in most cases, not edited at all.

Translation Technology Continuum CAT vs MT (continued) Graphically represented, the difference is: Translation Technology Continuum automation human involvement Computer-aided Translation (CAT) Automatic Translation/ Machine Translation Unaided Translation Translation process automated by use of Machine Translation Translation process aided by electronic tools such as (most typically) Translation Memory Translation process not aided by any electronic tools Adapted from Hutchins & Somers (1992)

MT Myth and Realities – true/false MT produces translation at the press of a button. Translators are unnecessary. With MT translators can achieve huge increases in productivity. In fact, a great deal of work is needed. No. Big demand for translators & Post Editor Mostly, such estimates turn out to be over-optimistic or unrealistic.

Famous example of Machine Translation Is it reliable?

Translate these examples Arman meminjam buku baru. Kemarin Arman mengembalikan buku Tati. Bapak Taman memperbaiki meja kayu Low-cost green cars …all eurozone governments to borrow money examples are taken from Normasanti (2010) and Sutaryo (2009)

Translators play the most important role in translation, machines just help

General principles of working with CAT tools The main goals are EFFICIENCY and CONSISTENCY CAT tools = TM tools (in this case only) The basic idea is fairly simple: Documents, especially technical ones, contain a large amount of content that is similar or identical to information already contained in earlier versions or similar documents that have been translated before.

General principles of working with CAT tools So, wouldn’t it be great to re-use previously translated content as valuable reference material for new translations as well so as to obtain consistency of terminology and phrasing? That is exactly what CAT tools do! CAT tools make it possible for translators to work only on content that is being created for the first time. Existing text and text similar to existing text is taken from the available. reference translations (i.e. from TM= translation memory).

General principles of working with CAT tools So, wouldn’t it be great to re-use previously translated content as valuable reference material for new translations as well so as to obtain consistency of terminology and phrasing? That is exactly what CAT tools do! CAT tools make it possible for translators to work only on content that is being created for the first time. Existing text and text similar to existing text is taken from the available. reference translations (i.e. from TM= translation memory).

TRADOS - a screenshot

Other CAT tools (non-TM based) As we said earlier, computer-assisted translation (CAT) is a broad and somewhat imprecise term covering a range of tools, from the fairly simple to the more complicated, which can include: Word processors, grammar and spell checkers, terminology managers, eBooks, eDictionaries, full-text search tools, concordancers, web, TM tools, bitexts, etc.

CAT - REFERENCE MATERIALS Reference materials are the primary source of terminology in absence of translation memory. Computer-based reference materials can be classified into: Online libraries Specialized web resources Specialized software products Other materials in electronic formats

Online Libraries Large collections of books in electronic form, e.g. eBrary (new scientific books, pay site) Internet Archive (hosting “A Million Book Project”) Project Gutenberg (PD fiction books, free) Questia (popular titles – fiction and non-fiction, pay site – some sections free)

Internet Archive

eBrary

Questia:

Questia:

Specialized web resources Online glossaries e.g. http://www.lai.com/glossaries.html Online terminology databases e.g. EURODICAUTOM Acronym dictionaries e.g. www.acronymfinder.com Online dictionaries e.g. www.thefreedictionary.com Online corpora (e.g. BNC and COCA)

Online glossary – language automation glossary index

Online terminology databases - EURODICAUTOM

Online terminology databases - EURODICAUTOM

Acronym dictionary – www.acronymfinder.com

Online dictionary – www.thefreedictionary.com

BNC = British National Corpus

BNC = British National Corpus

COCA= Corpus Of Contemporary American English

Specialized software products Various programs that can be used for terminology extraction: Electronic dictionaries General monolingual: e.g. OED v3 Specialized monolingual: e.g. Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary, Collins Collocations Bilingual: e.g. Morton Benson, MidiDict Electronic Bible (e.g. e-Sword) Concordance programs (e.g. Concordancer) Data-mining programs (e.g. Summarizer Pro)

Electronic dictionaries - OED

Electronic Bible - e-Sword

Concordancers Make it possible to see a word in context: Two types: Useful for finding collocations and phrases Useful for extracting terminology Two types: Monolingual concordancers (e.g. WordSmith) Polylingual concordancers (e.g. ParaConc)

Monolingual Concordancer

Parallel Concordancer

Intellexer Summarizer Pro

THE END R. Arief Nugroho, M.Hum