Bellringer: 1/18 and 1/19 Pick up the papers by the door. Take out your Imperialism unit vocab. Make sure you have something to write with. Update your ToC: 94: Vocab Check: Imperialism 95: Notes – Intro to Imperialism 96: Berlin Conference Simulation

Agenda: 1/18 and 1/19 1. Bellringer 2. Vocab Check 3. Notes: Intro to Imperialism 4. Activity: Simulating the Berlin Conference

What do we need to know about imperialism?: What is the difference between “Old” Imperialism and “New” Imperialism? What are the causes of the Age of Imperialism?

First things first: What is imperialism? Imperialism = When one country controls the political, economic, and/or cultural life of another country or group of people There are THREE (3) kinds of imperialism: 1. Spheres of influence 2. Protectorates 3. Colonies

Types of imperialism: Spheres of influence Protectorates Colonies Regions in which an imperialist power possesses exclusive trading rights but does NOT control the government Territories that have their own government but are “guided” or “protected” by an imperialist nation Territories that are ruled DIRECTLY by an imperialist nation EXAMPLE? British enclaves (trading posts) in China French protectorate in Tunisia; British protectorate of British East Africa British colonies in Kenya and India

Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism When? The 1500s (16th century) Leaders: Spain and Portugal Where is it happening? Mostly in the Americas Motivations: The 3 Gs

P S

Old Imperialism: Spanish & Portuguese Empires, 1700

Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism When? 1800s-1900s Leaders: France and Britain (also Italy, Germany, Belgium) Where is it happening? Africa & Asia Motivations: Militarism, industrialization, nationalism, religion, and Social Darwinism

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Causes of Imperialism 1. Militarism Military power was commonly used to achieve a nation’s goals. Resupply ports were needed along the coasts of Africa and Asia for European powers as they expanded. A nation with more colonies had more power, security, trade, money, and colonial men for their army.

Causes of Imperialism 2. Industrialization Industrialization = need for more raw materials to supply factories Why? Because the more raw materials you have, the more manufactured goods you can produce and then sell to foreign countries (or back to your colonies) for a profit A way for European economies to make more MONEY $$$ Industrialists needed more raw materials to supply their factories, and foreign markets where they could sell their finished products. Industrialists also needed places to invest their profits, which would multiply their riches.

Causes of Imperialism 3. Nationalism National pride  more nations are trying to create empires Most Europeans = thought they were superior to Africans and Asians (“White Man’s Burden”) Famous saying about the British Empire: “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” National pride led many nations to strive for a world empire. Most Europeans felt their nationality was superior to that of the Africans and Asians. The English boasted, “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

“The Sun never sets on the British Empire”

Second Colonial Empire French Colonial Empire First Colonial Empire Light Blue: 1600-1800 Second Colonial Empire Dark Blue: 1800-1950

Causes of Imperialism 4. Religion Christian missionaries wanted to “help” Africans and Asians and worked to carry the “White Man’s Burden” (named by Rudyard Kipling WHAT IS INVOLVED? 1. Christianizing the natives of Africa/Asia to “civilize” them 2. Bringing indigenous peoples the technological benefits of Western civilization 3. Teaching Africans/Asians to read and write in European languages

“Take up the White Man’s Burden, Send forth the best ye breed, Go bind your sons to exile, To serve your captive's need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild, Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.” Rudyard Kipling

Causes of Imperialism 5. Social Darwinism Charles Darwin Named for Darwin’s theories of natural selection and survival of the fittest. Used these ideas to support imperialism: Europeans believed it was natural and right for “strong” nations (European ones) to conquer “weaker” ones (think Africa/Asia) Darwin says defeating a weaker race = strengthens human race Darwin’s theories of natural selection and survival of the fittest were used by many to support imperialism. Many Europeans believed that it was natural and right for strong nations to conquer weaker ones. Defeating a weaker race, according to Social Darwinism, could only strengthen the human race. Charles Darwin

Review of Key Concepts What is imperialism? Imperialism – when one country controls the political, economic, or cultural life of another country. What were the five main causes of imperialism? Social Darwinism Militarism Industrialization Nationalism Religion

Introducing the Berlin Conference: What is the Berlin Conference? A meeting of 16 diplomats from powerful European countries where they determined how to divide up control of Africa Starts imperialism in Africa (basically makes it legal to take over these territories!)

Intro video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-M

Simulating the Berlin Conference: Today, you will be simulating the division of Africa at the Conference of Berlin. You will be divided into different groups to complete the simulation of the Berlin Conference.

Simulating the Berlin Conference: GB Germany France Belgium Italy Portugal Aaleen Jaden Lana Dontay Nicola Eleanor Shandalynn Tylek Amanda Zara Abhey Clara Mitchell Jared Daniel Nuha Matt Lane Hannah Linda Andre Yamelet Ethan Allyson Arnav Luis Omar Chris

Simulating the Berlin Conference: GB Germany France Belgium Italy Portugal Nathan L. Jessica Cheyeanne Dehlila Sumeya Erin Sade Lauren Olivia Sebastian Jordan Danielle Kelly Jacob Rita Nathan W Cory Kelton Eswar Jagman Matthew Conrad Elizabeth Conner Zeenath Nathan M

Simulating the Berlin Conference: Part 1: What does my country want from Africa? Directions: You will be given a sheet that details information about your assigned country. On the conference simulation packet, you will place a checkmark in the boxes of the items/things your country might want to gain from African imperialism.

Simulating the Berlin Conference: Part 2: What parts of Africa would my country like to control? Directions: Using the provided readings, maps, and knowledge of what things your country would want from Africa, you need to determine what parts of Africa your country would most like to take control of. On the blank outline map of Africa below, you need to mark the regions of Africa you think your country took control of after the Berlin Conference. **NO COUNTRY CAN TAKE OVER ALL OF AFRICA, SO YOU NEED TO PRIORITIZE THE REGIONS YOU THINK YOUR COUNTRY WOULD WANT THE MOST!** Part 2: What parts of Africa would my country like to control? Directions:

Simulating the Berlin Conference: Part 3: What did the ACTUAL dividing-up of Africa by European countries look like? Directions: On the map below, please complete the map showing the actual partitioning of Africa by European countries at the Berlin Conference. What does the ACTUAL dividing-up of Africa by European countries look like? Directions: On the map below, please complete the map showing the actual partitioning of Africa by European countries at the Berlin Conference.