Figure 4 Trend of patents granted by USPTO and IPO to the 123 sample firms by year of application, over the years 1999–2009. From: With the help of a foreign.

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Figure 4 Trend of patents granted by USPTO and IPO to the 123 sample firms by year of application, over the years 1999–2009. From: With the help of a foreign ally: biopharmaceutical innovation in India after TRIPS Health Policy Plan. 2013;29(3):280-291. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt015 Health Policy Plan | Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.

Figure 1 Trend of active cross-border vs domestic alliances, computed as the yearly sum of the size (degree) of the 123 sample firms’ cross-border and domestic networks respectively, over the years 1999–2009. From: With the help of a foreign ally: biopharmaceutical innovation in India after TRIPS Health Policy Plan. 2013;29(3):280-291. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt015 Health Policy Plan | Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.

Figure 2 Trend of active cross-border R&D-oriented vs non R&D-oriented alliances, computed as the yearly sum of the size (degree) of the 123 sample firms’ cross-border R&D and non-R&D networks respectively, over the years 1999–2009. From: With the help of a foreign ally: biopharmaceutical innovation in India after TRIPS Health Policy Plan. 2013;29(3):280-291. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt015 Health Policy Plan | Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.

Figure 3 Trend of R&D expenditures, computed as the average percentage of total R&D expenditures against total sales for the 123 sample firms, over the years 1999–2009. From: With the help of a foreign ally: biopharmaceutical innovation in India after TRIPS Health Policy Plan. 2013;29(3):280-291. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt015 Health Policy Plan | Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.