النموذج الميكانيكي الكمي للذرة

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Presentation transcript:

النموذج الميكانيكي الكمي للذرة

ناقشي تطور مفهوم الذرة عبر الزمن باستخدام هذه الخريطة المعرفية ؟؟ ناقشي تطور مفهوم الذرة عبر الزمن باستخدام هذه الخريطة المعرفية ؟؟

تطور مفهوم الذرة عبر التاريخ e + + - ? نموذج طمسون (1897) نموذج رذرفورد (1909) نموذج بور (1913) نموذج الاغريق (400 B.C.) 1803 John Dalton pictures atoms as tiny, indestructible particles, with no internal structure. 1897 J.J. Thomson, a British scientist, discovers the electron, leading to his "plum-pudding" model. He pictures electrons embedded in a sphere of positive electric charge. 1911 New Zealander Ernest Rutherford states that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus. Electrons move randomly in the space around the nucleus. 1926 Erwin Schrödinger develops mathematical equations to describe the motion of electrons in atoms. His work leads to the electron cloud model. 1913 In Niels Bohr's model, the electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus. 1800 1805 ..................... 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 125

ماهي فكرة بور لحركة الإلكترون؟؟ “Allowed” orbits

نموذج بور للذرة الالكترون يدور في مدارت محددة الطاقة )مستويات الطاقة (

العالم بور (Born in Denmark 1885-1962) هل اقتنع العلماء بنموذج بور ؟؟

Louis de Broglie, (France, 1892-1987) Wave Properties of Matter (1923) العالم دي برولي Louis de Broglie, (France, 1892-1987) Wave Properties of Matter (1923) ماذا اقترح؟؟؟

ان الكترون يتحرك داخل الذرة على شكل موجة

Louis de Broglie, (France, 1892-1987) Wave Properties of Matter (1923) العالم دي برولي Louis de Broglie, (France, 1892-1987) Wave Properties of Matter (1923) العلاقة : l= h mv

Werner Heisenberg: (هايزنبرج ) مبدأ هايزنبرج للشك

ماهو مبدأهايزنبرج للشك ينص على انه من المستحيل معرفة سرعة جسيم و مكانه في الوقت نفسه بدقة ..

Erwin Schrodinger, 1925 (شرودنجر)

معادلة شرودنجر الموجية  =دالة الموجه =العامل الهاملتوني E= مجموع الطاقة في الذرة تنبأت دالة الموجه بمنطقة ثلاثية الابعاد للالكترون حول النواة تسمي المجال ( الفلك )

Erwin Schrodinger, 1925 (معادلة شرودنجر الموجية ) اوجد اربعة ارقام كمية لوصف حالة ذرة الهيدروجين

فيديو النموذج الميكانيكي الكمي للذرة

ماهي السحابة الالكترونية من خلال الفيديو ماهي السحابة الالكترونية

الكثافة الإلكترونية

مجال الذرة : يصف الموقع المحتمل لوجود الكترون

الفرق بين نموذج بور و النموذج الميكانيكي للذرة كثافةالإلكترونية النموذج الميكانيكي

تطور مفهوم الذرة عبر التاريخ e + + - ? نموذج طمسون (1897) نموذج رذرفورد (1909) نموذج بور (1913) نموذج الاغريق (400 B.C.) الكثافة الإلكترونية 1803 John Dalton pictures atoms as tiny, indestructible particles, with no internal structure. 1897 J.J. Thomson, a British scientist, discovers the electron, leading to his "plum-pudding" model. He pictures electrons embedded in a sphere of positive electric charge. 1911 New Zealander Ernest Rutherford states that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus. Electrons move randomly in the space around the nucleus. 1926 Erwin Schrödinger develops mathematical equations to describe the motion of electrons in atoms. His work leads to the electron cloud model. 1913 In Niels Bohr's model, the electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus. 1800 1805 ..................... 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 125

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