ACTIONS Assess the situation Take charge and introduce yourself as a First Aider. Find Out: Is there any danger? What has happened? Has anyone been hurt? Is there anyone hidden from view of trapped somewhere?

Make the situation safe Depending on the situation you may need to send for emergency help before going near the scene. Try to remove or reduce any danger. If this is not possible remove the casualty from the danger.

Give Emergency aid (Casualty Management) Seek consent I am a First Aider Can I help you? Written/Oral consent Implied/Humanitarian Consent Assess the casualties. Decide on what action you need to take. Provide aid to any casualties. Get Help - Send a bystander to contact medical aid and transport if required.

After any incident Tidy up the site. If possible remove the cause to prevent further Accidents. Restore your first Aid Kit. We have all the worries and fears after dealing with an accident, so talk to a friend or relative about your thoughts and feelings.It helps!

CASUALTY MANAGEMENT AND INITIAL ASSESSEMENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION Once you have the incident under control you then need to think about how you are going to deal with the casualty. The following information will show you how to deal with any casualty. Oxygen is essential for life. Oxygen is circulated through the body by the blood. If oxygen does not get to the brain for more than about three minutes, brain tissue begins to die. We must have an open and clear AIRWAY. We must be using that airway – BREATHING. The oxygen must be moving around the body in the CIRCUALATION.

ACTIONS DANGER Don’t forget to check for dangers to yourself and the casualty. If you can remove any hazards, safely, do so. If you cannot remove the danger, move the casualty if it can be dome.

RESPONSE Check to see if your casualty is conscious Ask a question like ‘Are you all right?’ Give a command like ‘Open your eyes’. Give a gentle shake, not too roughly as you might make the injury worse.

AIRWAY In an unconscious casualty the tongue may slip back and block the airway. Quickly check for any obstruction. Open the airway by lifting the chin whilst carefully tilting the head back.

Open the airway by lifting the chin whilst carefully tilting the head back.

BREATHING If the airway was blocked breathing may have stopped. Once the airway has been opened, the casualty may start breathing again. Check for breathing by opening the airway and placing your cheek above the casualty’s mouth and nose. Look at the chest and watch for movement. Feel for breath against your cheek. Check for ten seconds.

DECIDE NOW WHAT ACTION YOU MUST TAKE: If there is somebody with you to send for help. If the casualty is conscious and breathing put them in recovery position NOW. If the casualty is unconscious and is not breathing, start resuscitation NOW.

CIRCULATION There are two ways in which circulation may affect the way we move oxygen around the Body: The heart may stop.We can check for heartbeat by taking the pulse in the neck (carotid pulse) for ten seconds. There may be severe bleeding.

The initial assessment and priorities of treatment is as simple as DRABC. Danger Response Airway Breathing Consider your ACTION now Circulation

THE RECOVERY POSITION Place the casualty in recovery position using the following steps. Kneel beside the casualty as closely as possible. Open the airway by lifting the chin and gently tilting the head back.

Place the arm nearest to you at right angles to the body, palm upward.

4.Bring the arm further away from you over the chest holding the hand palm out and place the back of the hand against the cheek nearest to you.

Using your other hand grasp the thigh furthest away from you and pull the knee up; make sure that the foot is flat on the floor. Keep your hand pressed to the cheek to support the head and neck and pull the thigh towards you, so rolling the casualty on top their side.

Gently tilt the head back to keep an open airway and, if necessary adjust the hand under the cheek to support the head. Keep the mouth pointing to the floor. Bring the upper leg towards the hip so that the knee and the hip are at right angles. If you have not yet done so, check the pulse. Check for major bleeding. Recheck the ABC regularly. THIS SIMPLE MOVE CAN SAVE COUNTLESS LIVES.

MOUTH - TO - MOUTH RESUSCITATION Recognition Factors: Unconsciousness No sign of breathing Increasing blue or grey colour of the skin.

ACTIONS Ensure, as far as possible that the casualty is flat on their back. Check there is nothing obvious in the mouth. Pinch the casualty’s nose. Take a full breath.

Place your mouth over the casualty’s mouth and make a good seal. Breathe into the casualty’s mouth until you see the chest rise ( this should take 2 seconds).

Remove your mouth and let their chest fall over four seconds. You should aim to provide about ten breaths per minute.Don’t try to more in, you will exhaust yourself. Take the pulse every ten breaths.You need to keep this up until help arrives.

ISOLATED If you are in a location where help cannot be summoned, then you should start and continue mouth to mouth ventilation until The casualty starts to breathe. Or the pulse stops You are no longer physically able to do so.

Cardio – Pulmonary Resuscitation Recognition factors Unconsciousness No sign of breathing No pulse Pupils wide open Very pale in appearance Increasing blue or grey colour of skin

Actions Locate the right spot to the chest compressions.

2.

3. Now press down 4 to 5 cms, keeping your elbows straight, then release the pressure but do not take your hands off the chest. Repeat this 15 times at the speed of 100 per minute then give two breaths.

4. Continue giving 15 compressions to two breaths. Do not take the pulse unless you think the casualty is improving. Don’t forget that if you are alone you should: Do 1 min of CPR before going for help.

Many people are worried about giving mouth to mouth ventilation and the dangers of HIV. There has been no evidence to link giving mouth to mouth and acquiring HIV. The only danger that may be present is if the casualty has wounds or open sore around the mouth. You could make a simple shield using a plastic bag with a small hole in it, or a piece of fabric.

ISOLATED If you are in a location where help cannot be summoned, then you should start and continue CPR until you are no longer physically able to do so.

RESUSCITATION FOR BABIES AND CHILDREN BABIES UNDER ONE YEAR OLD Seal your mouth around the baby’s mouth and nose. Give very gentle breaths, just enough to make the chest rise.Allow the chest to fall between each breath. To find the right spot for compressions draw an imaginary line between the nipples and place two fingers on the breast bone one finger’s width below the line. You need to gently, about one third of the depth of the chest.

CHILDREN AGED ONE TO SEVEN Pinch the nose and give breaths, enough to make the chest rise and allow the chest to fall between each breath. You will find the correct spot for chest compressions in the same way as you would for an adult, but use only one hand and in a much lighter pressure. Press down the chest about one third of the depth of the chest.