Refresh Define the terms acid and base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory. Give one example of each. Which statement explains why ammonia can act.

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Presentation transcript:

Refresh Define the terms acid and base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory. Give one example of each. Which statement explains why ammonia can act as a Lewis base? Ammonia can donate a lone pair of electrons. Ammonia can accept a lone pair of electrons. Ammonia can donate a proton. Ammonia can accept a proton.

Acids and Bases - Lesson 2 Properties of acids and bases

Lesson 2: Properties of Acids and Bases Objectives: Understand the effect of acids/alkalis on indicators Understand that acids neutralises bases (and vice versa) Understand the reactions of acids with: Metals Carbonates Hydrogen carbonates Conduct experiments to confirm the above properties

Indicators Universal (actually a mixture of indicators): Litmus: Acid is Red / Base is Blue Phenolpthalein: Acid is Colourless / Alkali is Pink This is sorcery due to some clever chemistry that we will meet in the HL part of the course.

Neutralisation ACID + ALKALI  SALT + WATER hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  sodium chloride + water sulfuric acid + ammonia  ammonium sulfate + water This is always an exothermic reaction. It is called neutralisation but won’t always lead to a perfectly neutral solution

Acids and Metals ACID + METAL  SALT + HYDROGEN phosphoric acid + magnesium  magnesium phosphate + hydrogen ethanoic acid + sodium  sodium ethanoate + hydrogen Very reactive metals may do this explosively

Acids and Carbonates ACID + CARBONATE  SALT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water nitric acid + sodium carbonate  sodium nitrate + carbon dioxide + water

Acids and Hydrogencarbonates ACID + HYDROGENCARBONATE  SALT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER hydrochloric acid + calcium hydrogencarbonate  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water nitric acid + sodium hydrogencarbonate  sodium nitrate + carbon dioxide + water

Now Check Design and complete experiments to confirm all of the above for yourself. Make sure you record all data clearly and explain what the data shows In addition to standard laboratory glassware you will have: Sodium hydroxide solution Sodium carbonate solution Calcium carbonate powder Sodium hydrogen carbonate powder Sulphuric acid solution Hydrochloric acid solution Magnesium metal Zinc metal Lime water Indicators: universal / litmus / phenolphthalein

Key Points Acids react in similar ways to each other Bases react in similar ways to each other Reactions tend to neutralise acid/base properties