SOLID WASTE AS SOURCES OF ENERGY AND FOOD RAKHEE GOGOI DEPT.OF MICROBIOLOGY 2ND SEM GUIDED BY DR.M.K.SATEESH DEPT.OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

WASTE AND POLLUTANTS POLLUTANTS-waste product that damages the environment Disturbes the environment WASTE-Any product or residue that cannot be used profitably All waste are not pollutants

Types of wastes BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

TYPES OF SOLID WASTE MUNICIPAL WASTE OR HOUSEHOLD WASTE Municipal wastes come from garbage and other waste materials produced from households,public markets,restaurants,commercial establishment etc. Include food,paper,textile,plastic etc.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Manufacturing industries such as eg:breweries,food processing,dairy etc industries,generates biodegradable waste. Industries such as eg:chemical,oil refinery,fertilizer industry generate non biodegradable waste. Eg:heavy metals,volatile hydrocarbons,packaging waste,ashes etc.

AGRICULTURAL WASTE Biodegradable:crop residues,manures,feed residues. Non biodegradable:plastics,copper present in feed additives,ammonia released from fertilizers etc.

COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE

Cont… Type of litter Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels,leftover foodstuff, etc. Paper Cotton cloth Wood Tin, aluminium, and other metal items such as cans Plastic bags Glass bottles Approximate time it takes to degenerate a week or two. 10-30 days 2-5 months 10-15 years 1 year 100 to 500 years one million years? Undetermined

SOLID WASTE CONVERTED TO ENERGY…… WHY IS IT NECESSARY? Impact on environment Save space Low cost and time HOW IT IS DONE…. Microbial transformation Digesters Power plants

SOLID WASTE

Conversion of waste to energy BIOGAS BIOETHANOL ELECTRICITY HEAT ENERGY

BIOGAS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION HYDROLYSIS e.g-Thermoanaerobium brockii ACIDOGENESIS e.g Syntrophomonas wolfei ACETOGENESIS e.g-Clostridium aceticum METHANOGENESIS e.g-Methanosarcina barkeri

THE DIGESTER BATCH DIGESTER CONTINOUS FLOW STIRRED TANK DIGESTER UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET DIGESTER

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT

BIOETHANOL PLANT,USA

ETHANOL POTENTIAL • According to preliminary studies, 1kg of selected wastes contains 0.41 kg carbon (average carbon content is 41.05%) • Percentage of carbon in glucose molecule (C6H12O6): 40.00% • If 100% of the carbon present in selected wastes was converted to glucose, then the possible potential yield of glucose from 1 kg of selected waste can be calculated

CONT… Then, possible mass of glucose : 1.03 kg Percentage of carbon in ethanol molecule(C2H6O) : 52.17% Therefore, the possible mass of ethanol that we could obtain from 1 kg of selected waste is 0.79 kg

GREEN ELECTRICITY Power produced from renewable energy. No harm towards environment. Convert municipal waste to energy and does not contribute to the green house effect. Low cost.

POWER PLANT,HYDERABAAD

MSW PLANT

PLASMA GASIFICATION Decompose waste in a oxygen starved Environment. Converts organic waste into a fuel gas [syn gas] Works in high temperature[25000 Fahrenheit]

PLASMA GASSIFICATION

Furnace

PLASMA TORCH

ADVANTAGES No tars or furans. No ashes remaining to go to a landfill Does not discriminate between type of waste Can process upto 20 tons of waste per hour

SOLID WASTE AS FOOD Paper and pulp industries Water industries Restaurants Agricultural waste Wine industry

Lignocellulose Single cell protein Human nutrition Glucose Food and chemical Phenolic compounds Enzymes, Mannose

MICROORGANISM IN PRODUCTION OF SCP Spirulina Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus oryzae Fusarium sp. Bacteria Rhodoseudomonas capsulata

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MUSHROOM CULTIVATION

REFERENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY BY B.D SINGH INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BY INDU SHEKHAR THAKUR WWW.RECOVEREDENERGY.COM

THANK YOU!