Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association From: Speech, Vocabulary, and the Education of Children Using Cochlear Implants:  Oral or Total Communication? J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000;43(5):1185-1204. doi:10.1044/jslhr.4305.1185 Legend: OC and TC groups' expected growth curves for expressive spoken and/or signed vocabulary (EXPVOC) age-equivalent scores by length of cochlear implant use in years based on the HLM model, in which the age at which children received their implants was centered at 5.50 years and chronological age was centered at 7.30 years, which are the respective grand means for the sample, and controlling for preoperative performance, device, complete active electrode array, and preoperative aided speech detection thresholds. The standardized sample (Woodcock-Johnson Picture Vocabulary) represents children with normal hearing. Date of download: 11/5/2017 Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association