Daily Grammar Practice Contents: How to mark your sentences Monday’s Notes Tuesday’s Notes Wednesday’s Notes Thursday’s Notes 6. Diagram the sentence

How to mark your sentences n=common noun N=proper noun poss n=possessive noun pron=personal pronoun 1=first person 2=second person 3=third person Nom=nominative Obj=objective Poss=possessive ref pron=reflexive pronoun rp=relative pron ind pron=indefinite pronoun int pron=interrogative pronoun dem pron=demonstrative pron adj=adjective art=article av=action verb lv= linking verb hv=helping verb pres=present tense past=past tense f=future tense pres perf= present perfect tense past perf=past perfect tense f perf=future perfect tense adv=adverb prep=preposition cc=coordinating conjunction sc=subordinating conjunction

How to mark your sentences cor conj= correlative conjunction inf=infinitive ger=gerund part=participle s=subject vt=transitive verb vi=intransitive verb do=direct object io=indirect object pn=predicate nominative pa=predicate adjective op=object of the prep adj prep ph=adjective prep phrase adv prep ph=adverb prep phrase obj ger=object of gerund ger ph=gerund phrase obj part= object of participle part ph=participle phrase obj inf=object of infinitive inf ph= s inf= obj comp= app=appositive app ph=appositive phrase ind cl=independent clause adv dep cl=adverb dependant clause adj dep cl=adjective dependant clause n dep cl=nooun dependent clause ss=simple sentence cd=compound sentence cx=complex sentence cd-cx=compound-complex sentence

Monday Notes parts of speech Articles: a, an, the Preposition Shows relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in the sentence. Example: Verb Shows action or helps to make a statement Action: shows action Linking: links two words together Helping: “helps” an action or linking verb Tenses: Present, past, present perfect (have + participle), past perfect (had + past participle), future perfect ( will have / shall have +past participle) Noun Person, place, thing, idea Common: begins with lower case latter Proper: begins with capital letter Possessive: shows ownership

Pronoun Takes the place of the noun Personal: 1st person Singular nominative: I, you, he, she, it Plural nominative: we, you, they Singular objective: me, you, him, her, it Plural objective: us, you, them Singular possessive: my, your, his, her, its, mine, yours Plural possessive: our, your, their, ours, yours, theirs Reflexive: reflect back to ‘self’ Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves Relative: starts a dependent clause That, which, who, whom, whose Interrogative: asks a question Which? Whose? What? Whom? Who? Demonstrative: demonstrates which one This, that, these, those Indefinite: doesn’t refer to a definite person or thing Each, either, neither, few, some, all, most, several, few, many, none, one, someone, no one, everyone, anyone, somebody, nobody, everybody, anybody, more, much, another, both, any other, etc.

Joins words, phrases and clauses 6. Adjective Modifies noun and pronoun Tells Which One? How Many? What Kind? Proper adjective: proper noun used as an adjective 7. Adverb Modifies adjectives, verbs and other adverbs Tells how? When? Where? To what extent? 8. Conjunction Joins words, phrases and clauses Types Coordinating: FANBOYS Subordinating: starts a dependent clause and must be followed by a subject Correlative: not only/ but also, neither/nor, either/or, both/and 9. Verbal Verb not behaving like a verb Gerund: verb acting like a noun Ends in -ing Participle: verb acting like an adjective Ends in –ing or-ed or other past tense ending Infinitive: to + verb Can act like a noun, adjective, or adverb

Tuesday Notes sentence parts and phrases Verb Transitive: takes a direct object Intransitive: does not take a direct object All linking verbs are intransitive Subject Part of the sentence about which something is being said Must be a noun, pronoun, gerund or infinitive Can never be a prep phrase Complement: takes the meaning if the subject and verb Types Direct object: noun or pronoun; follows an action verb Indirect object: noun or pronoun; comes before a direct object Predicate nominative: noun or pronoun; follows linking verb; rename subject Predicate adjective: is an adjective; follows linking verb; describes noun

Appositive/ appositive phrase: Noun or pronoun that follows and remanes another noun or pronoun Object of preposition: Follows preposition and tells ‘what?’ Object of infinitive: Follows infinitive and tells ‘what?’ Object of gerund: Follows gerund and tells ‘what?’ Object of participle: Follows participle and tells ‘what?’ Prepositional phrase: Group of words beginning with preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun Can act as an adjective or adverb Gerund phrase: Gerund + its modifiers and objects Participle phrase: Participle +its modifiers and objects Infinitive phrase: Infinitive +its modifiers and objects

Wednesday Notes clauses and sentence type Clauses: each clause must have a subject and verb Types Independent: every sentence must have one and it can stand alone Does not start with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction Dependent: can never stand alone Starts with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction Types: Adverb: acts like a verb; usually starts subordinating conjunction Adjective: acts like an adjective; usually starts with a relative pronoun Noun: acts like a noun; usually starts with a relative pronoun Sentence types: Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause + one or more dependent clauses Compound-complex: two or more independent clauses+ one or more dependent clauses

Thursday Notes punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Capitalize: proper nouns, proper adjectives & first word of each sentence. Semicolon Joins two clauses without a coordinating conjunction Can be used in a series with commas Colon Means “note that follows,” never follows a verb or preposition. Apostrophe Use to make words possessive and to make conjunctions Don’t use to make words plural; if the word is plural and ends in ‘s’ add apostrophe only Possessive pronouns don’t use them Treat singular nouns ending in ‘s’ just like any other singular noun

Underlining/Italicizing Underling and italicizing ar the same thing Underline/italicize titles of long things, names of ships, planes, trains, artwork, foreign language expressions Quotation Marks Quote titles of short things, dialogue, words copied form other sources Commas and periods that follow quoted words always go inside closing quotation marks Colons and semicolons that follow quoted words always go outside closing quotation marks. Hyphen: used to make two words one Dash: used to indicate a break in thought or to set off part of a sentence

Comma (rules) Adverb dependent clause, independent clause Independent clause, cc independent clause Independent clause; independent clause Introductory participle phrase, Introductory prepositional phrase, , nonessential appositive, , nonessential adjective clause, Items, in, a, series , noun of direct address, Day of the week, month, year, City, state Introductory word, , interrupter,