Community Ecology Chapter 37.1 – 37.6.

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Presentation transcript:

Community Ecology Chapter 37.1 – 37.6

What you need to know! The community level of organization The role of competitive exclusion in interspecific competition The impact of keystone species on community structure. The symbiotic relationships of parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism

Community All the organisms of various species that live close enough to interact 4 characteristics: Species diversity: variety of species Species richness = total number of species Species abundance = the amount of each species i.e. Community 1: 25 A 25 B 25 C 25 D Community 2: 97 A 1 B 1 C 1 D Dominant Species: typically most abundant species Response to disturbance: ecological succession Trophic structure: energy, feeding relationships, nutrient cycles

Interspecific Competition Competition between species for resources that share the same habitat Predators competing for prey Plants competing for soil Habitat: where the organism lives Niche: what the organism does in its habitat Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyPstXBKALY Resource partitioning is when organisms live in different regions of the same habitat so they can coexist (realized niche)

Predator and Prey Keystone species exert strong control of an ecosystem Keystone predators tend to reduce the population of the strongest prey species This provides an opportunity for lesser species to find niches within the habitat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q Unique adaptation: Camouflage developed as a result of predation Chemical defenses are common among dangerous prey Batesian mimicry is when something harmless looks like something harmful Müllerian mimicry is when two harmful species look similar

Symbiosis Close relationships that develop through coevolution (evolving together) 3 types Mutualism: both species benefit Commensalism: one species benefits Parasitism: one species benefits the other is harmed

Which one? http://www.naturefootage.com/video_clips/NZ47_018 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/bugs- animals/ants-and-termites/ant_caterpillarsymbiosis.html