Secretary-General Emeritus

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Presentation transcript:

Secretary-General Emeritus Objectif Goal Oceans M Jarraud Secretary-General Emeritus WMO Geneva (9 June 2016)

Oceans and Climate Oceans cover over 70% of planet largest component of climate system Complex interactions between oceans, atmosphere, land and … human activities Long time sacles associated with oceans Significant progress in our knowledge of oceans, but… Important remaining questions!

El Niño and Southern Oscillation: ENSO El Niño: Ocean component of ENSO Southern Oscillation: atmospheric component of ENSO

Oceans and sustainable development

Oceans observations (1)

Oceans observations (2)

Global ocean heat content 1955-2015 Oceans absorb about 93% of extra heat Atmosphere 2.3% Continents 2.1% Glaciers and ice caps 0.9% Arctic sea ice 0.8% Greenland ice sheet 0.2% Antarctic ice sheet 0.2%

Global ocean heat content 1955-2015 0-2000 m global ocean heat content 0-700 m global ocean heat content No climate hiatus – No Climate pause !

Sea level rise (1) 1901-1990: 1.9 mm/yr 1990-2010: 3.0 mm/yr Causes: thermal expansion Melting of land glaciers Others Impacts: Coastal erosion Intrusion of salted water Impact of storm surges and tsunamis …

Sea level rise (2) Trend 19932013

Arctic ice extent (Sept 2015) Arctic sea ice Trend 19792015 -13.4% per decade Yellow line : mean extension 1981-2010 Arctic ice extent (Sept 2015)

Oceans acidification and CO2 absorption Oceans have absorbed about 25% of all anthropogenic CO2 Acidification: about 26% since pre-industrial time Rate unprecedented in last 300 million years Acidification will continue for centuries, even with zéro CO2 emissions Acidification reduces capacity of oceans to absorb CO2 pH drop of 0.1 unit since pre-industrial times

From knowledge to action Getting the information across in an authoritative, but understandable way Strengthen cross-disciplinary cooperation Better integration of Oceans dimension in various international agreements (Agenda 2030, Sendai framework, COP21 agreement, …) Revisit governance and coordination mechanisms (e.g UN-Ocean) We now have the knowledge There is urgency to act

谢谢 شكرا Gracias Merci Thank you спасибо

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