Ch. 17-Reconstruction-Lessons Lesson 1-Presidential Reconstruction Texas and Reconstruction

1. True-The economy of the South was in ruins at the end of the Civil War. 2. False-President Lincoln and Congress decided on the terms under which states could be readmitted to the Union. 3. False- Although no large Civil War battles took place in Texas, the cost of raising and equipping troops left the state deeply in debt. 4. True-Many Union sympathizers had been treated badly during the war and wanted revenge.

5. True-President Lincoln was willing to pardon all the Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the United States. 6. False-A state could form a new government and return to the Union once 10 percent of the voters had taken the oath. 7. False-President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was modeled on Lincoln’s plan.

8. True-Johnson set up a provisional government in each Confederate state that would govern until the state rejoined the Union. 9. False-The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery throughout the United States. 10. True-Confederate leaders and wealthy Southerners had to get a special pardon from the president to regain the right to vote.

Texas Reconstruction Begins Cause: General Gordon Granger announced Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and declared that all enslaved Texans were free. Effect: Granger’s announcement set off great celebrations among African Americans in and around Galveston

Cause: Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau. Effect: The Freedmen’s Bureau helped freed people find jobs. It also founded schools to provide the education and skills freed people needed to make a living.

Cause: The officials appointed by Andrew Hamilton in Texas were Unionists, but many of them did not want to grant African Americans any rights beyond their freedom. Effect: Many former Confederates cooperated with Hamilton’s government.

Texas Government Restored Main Idea: Texas government changed after the Constitution of 1866. Detail: Convention delegates amended previous constitution instead of writing a new constitution. Detail: Freed people gained some rights, such as owning property, but did not gain equal rights.

Detail: Voters returned former Confederate leaders to power. Detail: Texas legislature refused to ratify the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments. Detail: Texas legislature enacted black codes.

Lesson 2 Congress Takes Control Event: Southern states had seceded from the Union during the Civil War. Reaction of Northern Leaders:   They insisted the states reapply for admission to the Union.

Event: In the South, former Confederate officials and army officers filled top state government posts. Reaction of Northern Leaders: Northerners in Congress refused to seat most of these Southern senators and representatives. Southern states created laws to limit the rights of freed people. Northerners, angry over the South’s refusal to accept equal rights for freed people, attacked President Johnson’s plan for being too easy on the South.

Event: President Johnson believed that some measures Congress enacted to protect freed people were unnecessary and unconstitutional. He vetoed them. Reaction of Northern Leaders: Radical Republicans, who controlled both houses of Congress, overrode the president’s vetoes and launched their own Reconstruction plan.

Radical Reconstruction Begins 1.True- The Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction plan was harsher than the Presidential Reconstruction plan. 2. False- The Fifth District was made up of Texas and Louisiana. 3. False- Texas was required to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment, which gave African Americans the right to vote.

4. True-The Ironclad Oath stated that a person had not voluntarily served in the Confederate Army or aided the Confederacy. 5. False- General Charles Griffin removed hundreds of state and local officials who were viewed as opponents to Reconstruction. 6. True-The Freedmen’s Bureau and the Union League held meetings to help new voters learn about voting and citizenship.

7. True-Some Texans tried to prevent freedmen from exercising their right to vote. 8. False- Scalawags were white Southerners who supported Reconstruction. 9. True-The Constitution of 1869 gave freedmen the rights to hold office and attend public schools. 10.True- Congressional Reconstruction in Texas ended on March 30, 1870.

The End of Reconstruction Cause: Governor Davis and the legislature created a state police force in Texas. Effect: Opponents claimed that the state police were used to threaten anyone who opposed the governor.

Cause: Government spending increased to fund new policies. Effect: The increased spending resulted in higher taxes, which Texans protested.

Cause: After the Civil War, many freed people set out to own their own land. Effect: Freed people formed hundreds of small communities on unused land. Cause: Tejanos in Texas were culturally and geographically removed from the events in the rest of the state. Effect: Reconstruction did not change the lives of Tejanos.

Reconstruction 1872: • Democrats win a majority of seats in the state legislature. • They reduce the governor’s power and abolish the state police force.

1873: • Davis runs for reelection against Democrat Richard Coke 1873: • Davis runs for reelection against Democrat Richard Coke. • Davis focuses on his own programs. • Coke talks about returning Texas to the days before Radical Reconstruction. • Coke wins the election easily. 1874: • Davis asks President Grant to help keep him in power. • Grant refuses. • Davis resigns.