Study Guide Information

What is an absolute monarch? A KING OR QUEEN THAT RULES WITH ABSOLUTE POWER TO RULE OVER ALL ASPECTS OF SOCIETY

What is divine right? Do enlightenment thinkers believe in divine right? Why or why not?

The divine right theory is when a king or queen is considered God’s representative on earth to rule. No they do not believe in divine right. They believe that individuals have the right to freedom of government. They can choose how to be ruled.

Who was the absolute monarch of France and where did he live?

Louis XIV (14th); he lived in his palace at Versailles

Who was the absolute monarch of Russia?

Peter the Great

How did Peter help modernize Russia?

Modernized the military, changed the traditional clothing and style, changed education, manufacturing plants, inventions

Why did he move the capital and to where?

He needed a war water port in order to trade. He named it St He needed a war water port in order to trade. He named it St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea

What is parliament?

England’s law body that controls the economy

Why didn’t absolute monarchs in England like Parliament?

They limited the money that the monarch could spend They limited the money that the monarch could spend. They limited their powers

What kind of rulers were Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I?

Absolute Monarchs

What is due process?

The government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

What was the scientific revolution?

Time period that saw advancements in medicine, science, chemistry, and astronomy with focus on logic and reason

What impact did the scientific method have on the field of science?

It required people to use logic and procedures to get answers to scientific questions

What is the heliocentric theory?

Theory that the planets revolve around the sun Theory that the planets revolve around the sun. The sun is the center of the universe.

How was this theory different from the church-accepted view?

The church believed that the sun revolved around the earth as well as the other planets. The church believed the earth was the CENTER of the universe

True or False: The scientific revolution placed greater emphasis on careful observation.

True

What was stated in the law of gravity?

The idea that all things with mass gravitate toward another object.

Who developed the laws of gravity?

Isaac Newton

Who developed the heliocentric theory?

Nicolas Copernicus

What is the relationship between Galileo and the heliocentric theory?

Galileo supported Copernicus’ idea of heliocentricism, and was in turn exiled for supporting the idea

How did Kepler expand upon Copernicus’ ideas?

He developed a heliocentric model of the solar system in which all planets have elliptical orbits

11. Study them on your own 

What was the Enlightenment movement?

A philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th century where logic and reason was applied to the secular world to focus on individual freedoms and equality.

What aspects of the scientific revolution did the Enlightenment thinkers admire?

Logic, Observation, Individualism and Reason

What power did Parliament control in England and why did this make monarchs unhappy?

Money and trials; they couldn’t just tax someone when they wanted to, they couldn’t spend it freely, and they couldn’t throw someone in jail whenever they wanted.

What is habeas corpus?

A Writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, to secure a person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention

Why did a Civil War break out in England?

The basic causes of the English Civil War were lack of money, religion, foreign affairs and the struggle between the monarchy and Parliament

Who had Charles I killed?

Oliver Cromwell

What did Charles II Restore? What was this known as?

The Restoration was known as the time when Charles II restored the power of the king and ended republican rule in England

What were the first political parties?

Toris and Whigs

Why didn’t Parliament want James II to rule?

He was Catholic. He issued the Declaration of Indulgence, and they disagreed.

What three factors led to the Glorious Revolution?

Rejection of the Test Acts: Every person who wanted to get a civil or military post must accept the Anglican Church and its principals Interference of the University Affairs: James II wanted to spread Catholicism in the Universities Irish and Scottish policy of James II: James gave religious freedom to Catholics in Ireland and Scotland too.

Who came to power during the Glorious Revolution?

William and Mary

William and Mary limited the power of the monarchy in 3 ways William and Mary limited the power of the monarchy in 3 ways. What were they?

King could not interfere with selection of Parliament members Created a Bill of Rights People were to be free from cruel and unusual punishment Nos tanding army Freedom of speech Crown could veto bills and pardon

What elements of British government are present in the U.S. government?

Bill of Rights Separation of Powers between Branches Bill of Rights Separation of Powers between Branches. Checks and Balances between branches.

How did the Enlightenment movement stimulate the growth of religious tolerance?

People were disenchanted by the Catholic Church or Anglican church and wanted to be able to choose and learn for themselves. Voltaire wrote of the relations between people in society who lived freely to choose their religion

What is religious tolerance?

No discrimination or persecution for those that practice religions other than the predominate religion of the area.

How did the Enlightenment movement spread?

Books, word of mouth, pamphlets, writings, universities

What three natural rights did Locke believe all people should be guaranteed from birth?

Life, Liberty, and Property

Why did Montesquieu believe separation of powers was important?

So that no one branch could take over as an absolute government entity.

Why did Rousseau feel a direct democracy was necessary?

It was truly about the desire and wants of the people rather than a small group of people who make decisions for us.

How did the Enlightenment promote revolutions in America and France?

The people had no representation and could not choose the laws that were imposed on them. They wanted individual freedoms and choice of how they are governed

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Last question: Do this one on your own 