Chapter 5 Evolution and Biodiversity Review 2013

How do you determine the diversity of an ecosystem? B

How do you determine the diversity of an ecosystem How do you determine the diversity of an ecosystem? You count the number of species A B Which picture is the most diverse?

Which picture is the most diverse? A Calculate the Species Richness of each picture. Assume that if it looks different it is a different species. A B

Calculate the Species Richness of each picture Calculate the Species Richness of each picture. Assume that if it looks different it is a different species. A B Species Richness for A is 10 and for B it is 4

Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness. Which diagram has the greatest species evenness? The colors represent different species.

Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness. Which diagram has the greatest species evenness? The colors represent different species. A

What is a species?

What is a species? Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile young

What is an invasive species?

What is an invasive species What is an invasive species? An organism not native to the ecosystem that reduces the diversity of the ecosystem.

Use the phylogeny to identify which organism is most closely related to the leopard.

Use the phylogeny to identify which organism is most closely related to the leopard. Turtle

Which attributes are shared by tunas and salamanders?

Which attributes are shared by tunas and salamanders Which attributes are shared by tunas and salamanders? Both have vertebral columns and hinged jaws.

Give two examples of artificial selection.

Give two examples of artificial selection.

When a population is suddenly reduced because of natural disaster, what happens to the diversity of the population?

When a population is suddenly reduced because of natural disaster, what happens to the diversity of the population? Diversity decreases.

What is the term that describes a reduction in the diversity of a population caused by a natural disaster like fire or clear cutting or drought or volcanoes or habitat loss?

What is the term that describes a reduction in the diversity of a population caused by a natural disaster like fire or clear cutting or drought or volcanoes or habitat loss or hunting? Bottleneck effect

What is the term for all the members of a species being killed?

What is the term for all the members of a species being killed What is the term for all the members of a species being killed? Extinction

What do scientists use to determine the morphology and the time a species lived if it has gone extinct?

What do scientists use to determine the morphology and the time a species lived if it has gone extinct? Fossils

Name 2 cellular processes that create genetic diversity.

Name 2 cellular processes that create genetic diversity Name 2 cellular processes that create genetic diversity. Mutation and recombination

An adaptation is a trait that improves an organism’s fitness for an environment. Name an adaptation that a plant located at 35°N on the east side of a mountain.

An adaptation is a trait that improves an organism’s fitness for an environment. Name an adaptation that a plant located at 35°N on the east side of a mountain. Needle like leaves and thick waxy covering.

How does allopatric speciation occur?

How does allopatric speciation occur How does allopatric speciation occur? Organisms that were once able to breed become separated from one another, perhaps by a stream, and then evolve over time so they can no longer interbreed.

Which fossil is the oldest?

Which fossil is the oldest? Trilobite

Name 3 factors that contribute to extinctions.

Name 3 factors that contribute to extinctions Name 3 factors that contribute to extinctions. Loss of habitat, climate change, invasive species, inability to adapt, over harvesting, natural disasters

On average, what happens to temperature as you move north of the equator in the winter? On average, what happens to temperature as you move south of the equator in the winter?

On average, what happens to temperature as you move north of the equator in the winter? It gets cooler On average, what happens to temperature as you move south of the equator in the winter? It gets cooler

Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures. Birch trees share similar niches with aspen trees, but they tolerate warmer climates better. Which tree would come to dominate if the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increased?

Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures. Birch trees share similar niches with aspen trees, but they tolerate warmer climates better. Which tree would come to dominate if the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increased?

What is the difference between a niche generalist and a niche specialist?

What is the difference between a niche generalist and a niche specialist? A specialist can live in only one habitat, but a generalist can occupy many different habitats. specialist generalist

What is genetic drift?

What is genetic drift? Change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating.

Much of the information on your scale model of the geologic timeline was concentrated close to the present. If the earth is 4.6 billion years old, why are most of the animals and plants near the present line?

Much of the information on your scale model of the geologic timeline was concentrated close to the present. If the earth is 4.6 billion years old, why are most of the animals and plants near the present line? We only have fossils (hard parts) for the most recent events.

The earth is 4. 6 billion years old The earth is 4.6 billion years old. The Mesozoic Era lasted from 248 million years ago to 65 million years ago. Determine the percentage of time the Mesozoic Era comprises of the geologic time line.

The earth is 4. 6 billion years old The earth is 4.6 billion years old. The Mesozoic Era lasted from 248 million years ago to 65 million years ago. Determine the percentage of time the Mesozoic Era comprises of the geologic time line. 248 million years – 65 million years = 183 million years 183 million years/4.6 billion years = 0.04 0.04 * 100 = 4%

Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4 Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6 billion years old, what percentage of the earth’s timeline has human recorded history?

Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4 Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6 billion years old, what percentage of the earth’s timeline has human recorded history? 6,000 years/4,600,000,000 years = 0.0000013 or 1.3 *10-6 1.3 *10-6 *100 = 0.00013% or 1.3 *10-4%

Free Response Question: You will need to calculate the species richness and evenness for two tide pool environments. You will need to compare these diversities to the general trend of latitude vs diversity. You will need to explain how styrofoam effects the ozone layer and how that could influence the species diversity of the two tide pool environments (pages 52-55) .

Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4 Human recorded history has lasted 6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6 billion years old, what percentage of the earth’s timeline has human recorded history? 6000 years /4.6 billion years = 6000 years/4600000000 years = 1.3 * 10-8 or 0.000000013 1.3 * 10-8 * 100 = 1.3 *10-6% or 0.0000013 %

Which situations allow for more rapid evolution?

Which situations allow for more rapid evolution Which situations allow for more rapid evolution? Greater genetic variation, smaller populations, shorter generation times

Some scientists estimate that the current global extinction rate is about 30,000 species per year. If there are currently 15,000,000 species on earth, how long will it take to destroy all of Earth’s biodiversity?

Some scientists estimate that the current global extinction rate is about 30,000 species per year. If there are currently 15,000,000 species on earth, how long will it take to destroy all of Earth’s biodiversity? 15,000,000 species/30,000 species per year = 500 years

LAB Ethics Reliable Data Unreliable Data What do scientists do when the have unreliable data?