Chapter Four Miller Textbook (pg.86-98)

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Living in the Environment, pgs. 89-91 Instructions: Define each word in the context of your picture e.g. species evenness is shown by… Species diversity Species richness Species evenness Theory of island biogeography Instructions: Answer the following questions: Does this “scene” have high species richness, evenness, both, or neither? Justify your answer using visual estimates from the picture. How does this ecosystem provide “insurance against catastrophe?” Provide at least 3 examples from the picture that would explain greater resilience or stability based on what you’re seeing. At what latitude would you expect to find this ecosystem? Justify.

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Living in the Environment, pgs. 91-96 Instructions: Define each word in the context of your picture e.g. how might a non-native species disrupt this ecosystem (based on the meaning of “non-native species”) Native species Non-native species Indicator species Keystone species Foundation species Answer the following questions: How might the Boreal chorus frog (bottom right in the picture) be an indicator for the health of this Yellowstone ecosystem? Be specific Explain the reintroduction of the gray wolf as a keystone species in terms of the cascading effects. How would you classify the beaver in the is ecosystem? Explain.

3 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110412101336.htm http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/16523/20150907/climate-change-island-species-dodo-birds-went-extinct.htm

Living in the Environment, pgs. 86-89 Instructions: Define each word in the context of your articles e.g. how did speciation occur in the case of the Dodo bird? Speciation Geographic isolation Reproductive isolation Extinction Endemic species Background extinction Mass extinction Instructions: Answer the following questions: How did the bird’s isolation both hurt and help the Dodo (think in terms of your vocab.)? In geological terms, is the Dodo extinction included in a mass extinction or a background exctinction?

4 http://naturalsciencenews.com/2016/08/22/urbanization-helps-some-tropical-butterfly-species-but-harms-specialists/

Living in the Environment, pgs. 91-92 Instructions: Define each word in the context of your articles e.g. why does a changing climate help a generalist butterfly species? Ecological niche Generalist species Specialist species Explain the ecological niche chart on the prior page using two animals and their feeding requirements. Instructions: Answer the following questions: When, in your mind, did the advantage of being a specialist species flip to being a generalist? Explain any examples of how human animals might be specialist species. If we are making it harder for specialist species to survive, how can we assist in their survival? Explain. Should we?