Rory Simmons, Paul Deacon, Darren J. Phillips, Kevin Farrugia

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Presentation transcript:

The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the subsequent detection of semen/spermatozoa Rory Simmons, Paul Deacon, Darren J. Phillips, Kevin Farrugia Forensic Science International Volume 244, Pages 231-246 (November 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Layout used for creating a depletion series on substrates. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Semen marks 6–10 in the depletion series on grey laminate flooring aged 14 days and viewed under white light (top) and violet/blue light with yellow filter (bottom) post treatment: (a) before enhancement; (b) AV17; (c) AY7; (d) Lumicyano 4%; (e) cyanoacrylate/BY40; (f) black magnetic powder; and (g) iron-oxide powder suspension. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Semen marks 6–10 in the depletion series on white ceramic tile aged 14 days and viewed under white light (top) and violet/blue light with yellow filter (bottom) post treatment: (a) before enhancement; (b) AV17; (c) AV7; (d) Lumicyano 4%; (e) cyanoacrylate/BY40; (f) black magnetic powder; and (g) iron-oxide powder suspension. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Average number of semen marks observed before and after enhancement under white light across both substrates and all ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Average number of semen marks observed before and after enhancement under violet/blue light (yellow filter) across both substrates and all ageing periods. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Semen marks 6–10 in the depletion series on white ceramic tile (top) and grey laminate flooring (bottom) aged 28 days and viewed: (a) under white light before Lumicyano fuming; (b) under violet/blue light (yellow filter) before Lumicyano fuming; (c) under white light post Lumicyano fuming; (d) under violet/blue light (yellow filter) post Lumicyano fuming; and (e) under blue/green light (orange filter) post Lumicyano fuming. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Semen marks 6–10 in the depletion series on white ceramic tile (top) and grey laminate flooring (bottom) aged 28 days and viewed: (a) under white light post cyanoacrylate fuming; (b) under violet/blue light (yellow filter) post cyanoacrylate fuming; (c) under white light post cyanoacrylate fuming/BY40; and (d) under violet/blue light (yellow filter) post cyanoacrylate fuming/BY40. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Average times recorded for a positive AP reaction for semen mark 1 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Average times recorded for a positive AP reaction for semen mark 6 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 Average times recorded for a positive AP reaction for semen mark 10 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 Average grading for the detection of spermatozoa for semen mark 1 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 12 Average grading for the detection of spermatozoa for semen mark 6 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 13 Average grading for the detection of spermatozoa for semen mark 10 in the depletion series across the various enhancement techniques, substrates and ageing periods. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 14 Microscopic examination of spermatozoa aged 14 days on grey laminate flooring, mark 1 in the depletion series following AV17 treatment and H&E staining. Recorded with Olympus BX51, 200× magnification. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 15 Spermatozoa heads and tails aged 7 days on white ceramic tile, mark 1 in the depletion series observed following AY7 treatment and H&E staining. Recorded with Olympus BX51, 500× magnification. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 16 Spermatozoa heads aged 7 days on white ceramic tile, mark 6 in the depletion series observed following Lumicyano 4% treatment and H&E staining. Recorded with Olympus BX51, 200× magnification. Forensic Science International 2014 244, 231-246DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.027) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions