ATOMIC THEORY REVIEW

What is ALL matter made of? ATOMS !!! What are the 3 subatomic particles? Protons neutrons electrons

What are the charges of the subatomic particles? protons (+) positive neutrons (0) neutral electrons (-) negative We know that there are the same number of p+ and e- in atoms on the Periodic Table… So What is the overall charge of any atom? The overall charge of any atom is NEUTRAL… the positive charge cancels out the negative charge = 0!!!

What are the masses (amu) of the subatomic particles? Atomic mass unit (AMU) p+ = 1amu n = 1amu e- = 0 amu What is this AMU stuff????? 2.2 lbs= 1 kg 1.66 x 10-27 kg = 1 amu

What are the two areas of an atom? Nucleus and electron cloud

QUICK REVIEW- ATOMS Protons + 1 nucleus p+ neutrons nucleus no 1 _ Sub-atomic particles:. protons, neutrons, and electrons Parts of the atom: nucleus and electron cloud particles charge amu location abbrev. Protons + 1 nucleus p+ Neutral (0) neutrons nucleus no 1 Electron cloud _ Electrons e-

Where are the p+, n, and e- located in an atom? p+ in the nucleus n in the in nucleus e- in the electron cloud

Electron Cloud Nucleus Where is most of the volume of an atom located? Where is ALL the mass in an atom located? Nucleus Electron Cloud

What does a Bohr model of the atom look like? The nucleus contains the p+ and n… while the electrons “orbit” the nucleus in the energy rings of the e- cloud.

So what are the charges of the different areas? 1. So what is the overall charge of the nucleus? Positive 2. So what is the overall charge of the electron cloud? Negative

Atomic Inventory Protons (+) (Atomic Number) Neutrons (Atomic Mass minus atomic# or Protons) Electrons (–) (Same number as protons in a neutral atom)

Energy Levels of the Atom Atoms can have several energy levels. Sometimes they are also called energy rings, shells or orbits. The Nucleus 2e- 8 e- 8 e- 18 e- 18 e- 32e- 32e- P+ N0 1st shell 2nd shell 3rd shell 4th shell 5th shell 6th shell 7th shell

Lets take a look at the Periodic Table!

Burning Hindenburg

Burning Hindenburg

Atomic Inventory

Bohr Model Practice 1. H 2. Be 3. Na 4. K 5. Rb 6. He 7. F 8. Cl 9. Br

More Bohr Model Practice 1. Fr 2. Te 3. Sn 4. Cs 5. Kr 6. At 7. Ga 8. Rn 9. Ag 10. W

What Bohr model patterns are you starting to see develop? Periodic Table Patterns The atomic number is the same number as the number of protons and electrons. Atoms get larger as you move down and two the right on the periodic table. As you move from left to right on the periodic table, you gain protons and electrons and neutrons. As you go down from the periodic table, the atom gains another energy shell or orbit.

Valence Electrons Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They determine whether the atom will bond with another atom. How many valence electrons does lithium have here? 1 valence electron Circle the valence electrons From your warm up.

1. What is the subatomic particle that determines the identity of the element? Protons Electrons neutrons 20

2. The periodic table is arranged according to: Atomic symbol Atomic mass Atomic number Boiling point 20

No! Can you find on the periodic table where they are not? 2. True of False: Elements on the periodic table increase according to their masses. True False No! Can you find on the periodic table where they are not? 20

How is the Periodic Table is Arranged? 1. 89, 90, 92, 94,106 2. So the periodic table is arranged according to what then? A. Atomic Symbol B. Atomic mass C. Atomic number D. Boiling point

Metals vs. Non-Metals Stair steps Non-metals Metals Man made elements and Rare Earth metals

Metal, Non-metals and Metalloids Most elements are metals. 88 elements to the left of the stairstep line are metals or metal-like elements. Nonmetals are found to the right of the stairstep line. Their characteristics are opposite those of metals. Metalloids are elements on both sides of the zigzag line. They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Metalloids on the Periodic Table Periods/ Rows Metalloids FAMILIES/ GROUPS

Families on the Periodic Table

Elements in the Earth’s ATMOSPHERE Amount Nitrogen 78.1 % Oxygen 20.9 % Argon 0.96 %

Elements in the Earth’s OCEANS Amount Oxygen 85.84 % Hydrogen 10.82 % Chlorine 1.94 % Sodium 1.08 % Magnesium 0.1292 %

Elements in the Earth’s CRUST Amount Oxygen 46.1 % Silicon 28.2 % Aluminum 8.23 % Iron 5.63 % Calcium 4.15 %

So where do the names come from? These abbreviations are for there LATIN names of the elements. Iron (Fe)………….……Ferrum Sodium (Na)….. …….Natrium Gold (Au)……………Aurum Silver (Ag)………….Argentum Potassium (K)………… Kalium Copper (Cu) ………….Cuprum Mercury (Hg) ……Hydragyrum Antimony (Sb)………… Stibium Tin(Sn)….………… Stannum Lead(Pb) ……………..Plumbum Tungsten(W)………….Wolfran

Use your knowledge of the relationships in the periodic table to answer each question. Mystery Table

1. If element D has 14 protons, how many would an atom of element F have? 15 12 56 16 A B C D E F G H I Mystery Periodic Table 30

2. If Element H has 3 valence electrons, how many would element C have? 1 2 3 4 A B C D E F G H I Mystery Periodic Table 30

3. If element I has 4 energy levels, how many would element B have? 1 2 3 4 A B C D E F G H I Mystery Periodic Table 30

4. If element C has 22 electrons, how many would an atom of element A have? 24 16 20 A B C D E F G H I Mystery Periodic Table 30

5. If element C has 4 valence electrons, how many would Element G have? 1 2 3 4 A B C D E F G H I Mystery Periodic Table 30

6. Where is all the volume (space) an atom takes up? Nucleus Electron cloud 30

7. What is the charge of the NUCLEUS of an atom? Negative Positive neutral 30

8. What are valence electrons? Electrons that are radioactive Electrons that are on outside energy level Electrons that are on the first energy level Electrons that are on the midlel energy level 30

9. How many valence electrons does Magnesium have? 12 8 2 30

10. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? Protons Electrons neutrons 30

11. What is the overall charge of an atom? Positive Negative Neutral 30

12. Titanium is: A metal A non-metal A metalloid 30

13. Boron is: A metal A non-metal Metalloid 30

14. The fourth ring of an atom can hold _____ electrons 2 32 8 18 30

15. Where is almost all of the mass in an atom? In the protons In the neutrons In the electron cloud In the nucleus 30

16. Surprisingly the earth’s atmosphere is mostly made of: Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Hydrogen Calcium 30

17. Most elements are: Metals Non-metals Metalloids 30

18. Chlorine is: A metal A non-metal A metalloid 30

19. Most element symbols of elements are abbreviations of the English word. Some are different because: Scientists like fancy names The atom was named in Latin before English became the dominant language Not all scientists speak English and the atom was named in their language. Some atoms are named after the scientist who discovered it. 30

20. True or False: It is okay to put electrons in any electron ring. 30