Chemiosmosis CO2 H2O 2 2 32

Cytoplasm (Cytosol)

Glycolysis Where? = In the Cytoplasm # ATP Produced = Net Gain of 2 Electron Carriers = Produces NADH Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic) What Happens? = 1 molecule of Glucose is split into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate)

OR Anaerobic Fermentation in the Cytosol Net Gain of Aerobic In Mitochondria OR Anaerobic Fermentation in the Cytosol

Fermentation Where? = In the Cytoplasm # ATP Produced = NONE Electron Carriers = Produces NAD+ Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic) What Happens? = If oxygen is NOT available, Pyruvic Acid is broken down into either Ethanol & CO2 (yeast) or Lactic Acid (animals) INSTEAD of going through the Kreb’s Cycle

Alcoholic Fermentation

Kreb’s Cycle Where? = In the Mitochondria (matrix) What Happens? = If oxygen IS available, fermentation does NOT happen. # ATP Produced = 2 Electron Carriers = Produces 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 Oxygen = REQUIRED (aerobic)

Kreb’s Cycle What Happens? = If oxygen IS available, fermentation does NOT happen. Pyruvic Acid is converted into Acetyl CoA. This joins with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. Citric Acid goes through a cycle where CO2 and electron carriers are formed. The 2 original pyruvic acid molecules are completely broken down into CO2

Kreb’s (Citric Acid) Cycle

Electron Transport Chain # ATP Produced = 32 Electron Carriers = Uses NADH and FADH2 to produce a H+ ion gradient Oxygen = REQUIRED (aerobic) Where? = In the Mitochondria (across INNER membrane)

Electron Transport Chain What Happens? = The electron carriers (NADH & FADH2) are used to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane (from the Matrix to the Intermembrane Space). This creates a concentration gradient that allows ATPsynthase to convert ADP into ATP (chemiosmosis). 6 H2O is produced as a byproduct of ETC.

Electron Transport Chain INTERMEMBRANE SPACE HIGH INNER MEMBRANE LOW MATRIX

6 O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP 3. ETC 2. Krebs Cycle Oxygen (6 O2) & Glucose (C6H12O6 ) Water (6 H2O) & Carbon Dioxide (6CO2 ) & 36 ATP

Cellular Respiration Videos ETC Animation http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html Mr. Anderson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M

http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U2RespFillin.htm

Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Chemiosmosis CO2 H2O 2 2 32

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Purpose Sequence of Steps Location Reactants Products Equation

Purpose Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Convert Sunlight into Chemical Energy in order to Build Carbohydrates for use as Food Break Down Carbohydrates into Chemical Energy (ATP) to be used to Power Life Processes

Sequence of Steps Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reaction Light Absorption & ETC (Photosystems 2 then 1) & Chemiosmosis  Calvin Cycle Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain (& Chemiosmosis)

Location Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Mitochondria: Glycolysis = Cytoplasm (outside mitochondria) Krebs Cycle = Matrix ETC = Inner Membrane Chloroplast: Light Dependent = Thylakoid Calvin Cycle = Stroma

Reactants Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Glucose & Oxygen Glycolysis = Glucose Krebs Cycle = Oxygen & Pyruvate (acetyl CoA) ETC = Oxygen, NADH, FADH2, & ADP Light, Water & Carbon Dioxide Light Dependent = Water (6 H2O) Calvin Cycle = Carbon Dioxide (6 CO2)

Carbon Dioxide, Water, & ATP Products Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide, Water, & ATP Glycolysis = 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2 ETC = 6 H2O, 32 ATP Glucose & Oxygen Light Dependent = Oxygen (6 O2), ATP, & NADPH Calvin Cycle = Glucose (C6H12O6)

Equation Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

Review Videos Mr. Anderson Photos. & CR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IJMRsTcwcg