State Restructuring in Nepal Trilochan Pokharel, trilochan.pokharel@nasc.org.np

Objectives Explain the needs for state restructuring Analyze the context and principles of state restructuring Enlist and assess the constitutional provisions regarding state restructuring NASC, 2017

Coverage Basis of state restructuring Context and need for state restructuring in Nepal Principles and approaches of state restructuring Constitutional provisions in state restructuring NASC, 2017

What is pressing issue in state restructuring debate of Nepal? NASC, 2017

Constitution of Nepal In order to fulfill the aspirations for perpetual peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the medium of federal democratic republican system of governance, hereby promulgate this Constitution through the Constituent Assembly. NASC, 2017

Some critical questions What is a state? What is state restructuring? Does Nepal require state restructuring? najushrestha.wordpress.com NASC, 2017

Some… Why Nepal requires state restructuring? Establishing rights Recognizing voices Sharing resources Offering choices NASC, 2017

What… State restructuring is something that is directly associated with political re- imagination of the state as per the spirit of the time and is a continuous process in democracy NASC, 2017

Sectors of Restructuring Political Administrative Social/Cultural Fiscal What it means in Nepal? NASC, 2017

Why is state restructuring? With due respect to Prof. Pitambar Sharma NASC, 2017

Why… Ending all forms of discriminations and oppression created by the feudal, autocratic, centralized and unitary system NASC, 2017

Why… Embracing multi-caste, multi-lingual, multi- cultural and diverse geographical specificities, by ending discriminations relating to class, caste, region, language, religion and gender discrimination including all forms of racial untouchability, in order to protect and promote unity in diversity, social and cultural solidarity, tolerance and harmonious attitudes NASC, 2017

Why… Determination to create an egalitarian society on the basis of the principles of proportional inclusion and participation, to ensure equitable economy, prosperity and social justice NASC, 2017

Create the bases of socialism by adopting democratic norms and values, including peoples' competitive multi-party democratic governance system, civil liberty, fundamental rights, human rights, adult franchise, periodic elections, complete press freedom and an independent, impartial and competent judiciary, and the concept of rule of law NASC, 2017

Principles of Restructuring Principle of subsidiarity Economy of scales Equity and inclusiveness Building ownership and trust NASC, 2017

Principles… Self rule Self rule Shared rule NASC, 2017

/fi6«sf] kl/efiff ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf ;dfg cfsf+Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6« xf] - wf/f #_ NASC, 2017

Federalism vs Devolution Functional Decentralization Tires of government two or more Competencies of lower units broad narrow Competencies of central government limited unlimited Division of power Entrenched in constitution Subject to ordinary laws No divisions of powers NASC, 2017

;+ljwfgdf /fHosf] ;+/rgf Wff/f %^= /fHosf] ;+/rgf -!_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g]5 . -@_ g]kfnsf] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] o; ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g adf]lhd ug{] 5g\ . -^_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf, /fli6«o lxt, ;jf{+uL0f ljsf;, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL, dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns xs, sfg"gL /fHo, zlQm k[ysLs/0f / lgoGq0f tyf ;Gt'ng, ax'ntf / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj / klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ 5g\ . NASC, 2017

clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] auL{s/0f ;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?nfO{ ljz]ift lgDg tLg ;d"xdf auL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5M gLlt lgdf{0f, lgodg tyf cg'udg sfo{x? (Policy and regulatory works) k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x? (Back office functions) ;]jf k|jfx;+u ;DalGwt sfo{x? (Frontline service delivery) NASC, 2017

tx cg';f/ clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] auL{s/0fsf ;+3sf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x? /fli6«o gLlt tyf lgodgx? dfkb08 tf]Sg] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg cGt/fli6«o ;DaGw cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf; s]Gb|Lo tYof+s cGt/;/sf/L ;dGjo NASC, 2017

clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] afF8kmfF8sf] l;4fGtx? k|b]zsf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x? k|fb]lzs gLlt tyf lgodgx? k|fb]lzs dfkb08 tf]Sg] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf; k|fb]lzs tYof+s cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo ;+3Lo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfx? NASC, 2017

clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] afF8kmfF8sf] l;4fGtx? :yfgLo ;/sf/sf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x? :yfgLo gLlt tyf lgodgx? :yfgLo dfkb08 tf]Sg] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg :yfgLo tYof+s ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x? NASC, 2017

What constitution assures? Empowering local governments in service delivery – transfer of sovereignty Making provincial governments accountable in provisioning of services Making federal government responsible for policy and regulatory functions and resource assurance to ensure public provisions, protection of fundamental rights NASC, 2017

Potential risks (opportunities) Implementing constitution Reaching people Building ownership on state and national solidarity Making federalism a good means Strengthening local government NASC, 2017

Thank you NASC, 2017