Plate Margins Think back …. can you remember what the 3 types of plate margins were? Write them down A bit more challenging ….. Can you give a location.

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Margins Think back …. can you remember what the 3 types of plate margins were? Write them down A bit more challenging ….. Can you give a location of an example of each …..

Plate Margins Divergent. Convergent. Conservative. Each type of plate margin has different rocks and different types of hazard Firstly a few golden rules ….

Golden Rule 1 – how do we melt things? Why do plates/rocks melt: 1: addition of heat 2: decompression melting 3: wet rocks lower melting temperature Decompression melt Wet rocks have lower melting point Add heat!

Why do plates/rocks melt: Golden Rule 1 Why do plates/rocks melt: Because the temperature has increased. Because the pressure is decreased. Because it is saturated in water. If one or more of these situations exists then the plate/rock will melt.

Golden Rule 2 - chemistry Depends on what you start off with Chocolate chip cookie …… what melts first? Chocolate chips When rocks melt, the first minerals to melt are the lower temperature ones PARTIAL MELTING

Golden Rule 2 What kind of magma is produced when a plate/rock melts? igneous rocks have a range of compositions. Silica rich GRANITE Silica poor BASALT We can classify igneous rocks by how much quartz (silica) they contain Quartz has a low melting point So melts first

Golden Rule 2 we classify igneous rocks by how much quartz they contain. Felsic: > 66% silica rich GRANITE Intermediate: 52 – 66 % Basic: 44 – 52% silica poor BASALT Ultrabasic: < 44% key

Silicic

Golden Rule 2 Quartz is one of the first minerals to melt, so When the initial magma melts the one it produces will be richer in silica and so will move towards the silicic end of the scale

Golden Rule 2 If you melt an ultrabasic rock the magma will be more basic If you melt a basic rock the magma will be more intermediate If you melt an intermediate rock the magma will be more silicic

Golden Rule 3 – the product As plate material is melted, the product becomes richer in silica The more silica there is in a magma the more explosive the volcanic eruptions will be. Ed Byrne clip from Volcano Live Summer 2012 Ed Byrne clip from volcanoes live ….

Silicic

Golden Rule 3 Why? Because silica makes the magmas more viscous and sticky. Gases want to come out of solution when a magma reaches the surface but they cannot escape easily. They therefore expand putting pressure on the magma chamber. Eventually the pressure is so great that the top/plug is blown off or the side slips and a violent eruption occurs.