Original artwork by Gary Hincks Types of Igneous Plutons Volcano Dikes Laccolith p.140-141d Sills Volcanic Pipe Original artwork by Gary Hincks Dikes Batholith

Fig. 6.08b Stephen Marshak

Original artwork by Gary Hincks Types of Igneous Plutons Volcano Dikes Laccolith p.140-141d Sills Volcanic Pipe Original artwork by Gary Hincks Dikes Batholith

Fig. 6.10 W. W. Norton

Fig. 6.11a Stephen Marshak

Fig. 6.11de Paul Hoffmann

Fig. 6.18 W. W. Norton

Plate Tectonic Setting as a Context For Magma Generation 3) Divergent margins:Melting of lithosphere along ocean spreading centers 4) Melting of lithosphere & crust beneath continental rift zones 1) Mantle plumes & hot-spots 2) Convergent margins: Subduction of slabs of lithosphere

Fig. 6.14ab W. W. Norton

Fig. 6.04a W. W. Norton Ways To Melt Rock: Lower pressure in the mantle (e.g. along divergent margins) W. W. Norton

Fig. 6.03 W. W. Norton “Decompression melting” Rock moving from point A to point B in the mantle sees a decrease in pressure. Fig. 6.03 W. W. Norton “Decompression melting”

Fig. 6.04a W. W. Norton Ways To Melt Rock Raise the temperature of the surrounding rock to melting temperature W. W. Norton

Ways To Melt Rocks Fig. 6.04c Add water! W. W. Norton

Fig. 6.04b W. W. Norton

Making Silica-rich Magmas Fig. 6.05a W. W. Norton 1) Partial melting of mafic, or ultramafic rocks.

Making Silica-rich Magmas: 2) Assimilation of siliceous “country rocks”

Fig. 6.09ab W. W. Norton

Making Silica-rich Magmas Fig. 6.05c W. W. Norton 3) Fractional crystallization & gravity settling of early formedmafic minerals.