Basic Nutrition for Living with Diabetes Teresa Parker Are you “Sugar Savvy?” Basic Nutrition for Living with Diabetes Teresa Parker Follow along “Diabetes and you” novo nordisk

What do you know about Diabetes? Diabetes only affects old people. Diabetes is not a killer disease. Some people with type 2 have no symptoms. Type 2 cannot be prevented. Diabetes care is very costly. You can catch diabetes from someone else. If you are overweight, then you will eventually develop type 2 diabetes. Diabetes prevention can be inexpensive. People with diabetes have to avoid sugar altogether. People with diabetes need to eat a very special, restrictive diet. It’s common to develop type 2 during pregnancy. If your doctor tells you that you have “prediabetes” there is nothing you can do to prevent the condition. Once you have type 2, you have it for the rest of your life FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE

The Numbers Approximately 29.1 million people, or 9.3% of the U.S. population has diabetes. 8.1 million of those people have not been diagnosed yet. Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S., killing over 73,000 Americans annually. http://www.ct.gov/dph/lib/dph/hems/chronic_dis/diabet es/ct_diabetes_stats_16apr2015_final.pdf

What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a condition where the glucose in the blood is not controlled properly. Also called “Hyperglycemia” when it is higher than normal. Pancreas makes little to no Insulin; or the Insulin that is made does not work properly. This prevents sugar to be used as energy by the cells, and causes a build up of sugar in the blood.

Types of Diabetes Type 1: The body cannot make any Insulin, so people with Type 1 must inject insulin around meal times. Gestational: Develops during pregnancy, and usually goes away after baby is born. May increase risk for Type 2 later. Pre-Diabetes: When blood glucose is higher than normal, but not high enough to be Type 2. Type 2: The body prevents insulin from working properly, and not enough insulin can be made. This is the most common type! Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_jC4FDOUc

How is it diagnosed? Pre diabetes is diagnosed when a patients: A1c is 5.7-6.4 Fasting Glucose 100-125mg/dL Diabetes is diagnosed when a patients: A1c is 6.5% or higher Fasting Plasma Glucose is higher than 126 mg/dL Have symptoms of high blood sugar and a random blood glucose test of 200mg/dL or higher. Page 7 http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/?loc=db-slabnav

Factors

What’s an A1C? Test that measures your average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months Patient does not have to fast beforehand Diabetes is diagnosed if A1c is at 6.5 or higher http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/?loc=db- slabnav#sthash.GjXS24W3.dpuf Normal Less than 5.7% Prediabetes 5.7% to 6.4% Diabetes 6.5% or higher See page 38

Warning Signs of Diabetes Usually no symptoms are present with Type 2 and gestational diabetes Signs of high blood sugar/Hyperglycemia are: - Hunger - Increased thirst - Excessive urination - Dry, itchy skin - Blurry vision - Numbness of hands or feet - Fatigue - Unexplained weight-loss - Slow-healing infections See page 13

15:15 Low blood sugar Hypoglycemia: blood glucose 70mg/dL or below Symptoms include Hunger, tiredness, increase heart rate, disoriented, mood swings, sweaty, nervous, dizzy, shaky 15:15 15 grams of sugar 4 ounces fruit juice or soda (not diet) 4 glucose tablets or quick chewable candy See page 44

What are the long-term effects? Heart Disease and Stroke 2 out of 3 people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes

Kidney Failure Symptoms are decreased Fluid retention, Swelling in lower limbs, Drowsiness, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Confusion, Nausea, Chest pain Small amounts of Micro albumin protein exit the body through urination and should be tested every year http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/kidney-disease-nephropathy.html

Amputations More than 60% of non-traumatic lower- limb amputations occur in people with diabetes. Diabetes can cause nerve damage and poor circulation. This makes the feet vulnerable to ulcers. A non healing ulcer can cause bone and tissue damage, and may require surgical amputation. In 2006, about 65,700 non-traumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes

Eye Health Micro vessels in the eyes can be damaged due to excess sugar can cause bleeding behind the eye. Vision loss is irreversible See your doctor for an eye exam once a year Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults ages 20 to 74. http://www.seeintl.org/retina

How can it be prevented? Eating a healthy, balanced diet Maintain a normal, healthy weight Exercising 4-5 times a week 30 minutes per day

Diabetics can NEVER eat sugar True or False? POP-QUIZ!

Answer: False With regular physical activity and a healthy diet, diabetics can eat sweets, just like everyone else. The key is moderation. Everyone should practice eating in moderation, especially when it comes to junk food.

Examples of Foods with… Good Sugars Bad Sugars

References http://www.diabetes.org/living-with- diabetes/complications/kidney-disease- nephropathy.html http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/ http://www.everydayhealth.com/hs/healthy- living-with-hypothyroidism/weight-loss/ (image) http://www.cleverdoctors.com/author/elisa- mcguire/ (image) http://www.diabetesresearch.org/what-is-type- two-diabetes http://www.ct.gov/dph/lib/dph/hems/chronic_di s/diabetes/ct_diabetes_stats_16apr2015_final.pd f