Health Information Resources on the Internet (Advanced Course: Module 4 ) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 01 November 2016

Section A Background Grey Literature – definition Types of health resources on the Internet Open Access journals Journal article retraction 01 November 2016

Grey Literature Grey Literature is a field in library and Information science that deals with the production, distribution, and access to multiple document types produced on all levels of government, academics, business, and organization in electronic and print formats not controlled by commercial publishing i.e. where publishing is not the primary activity of the producing body. GreyNet http://www.greynet.org/greynethome.html (accessed 15 September 2015) 01 November 2016

Finding the Hard to Finds: Searching for Grey Literature – 2012 Update hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca/images/5/5b/Greylit_manual_2012.doc (accessed 03 November 2015) 01 November 2016

Open Access The literature that should be freely accessible online. Scholars give to the world without expectation of payment including peer-reviewed journal articles and un-reviewed preprints - online for comment or to alert colleagues. “Open Access" to this literature means free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles… without financial, legal, or technical barriers These slides discuss Open Access E-journals. It is another model for publishing journals that grants access to the articles – to all potential users. This discussion is included because the Open Access resources are accessible from several of the tools discussed in this section. 01 November 2016

Two complementary strategies: The authors retain control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. Two complementary strategies: Self-Archiving: Scholars deposit their refereed journal articles in open electronic archives. Search engines and other tools can treat the separate archives as one. 01 November 2016

Open-access Journals: Scholars launch a new generation of journals committed to open access, and to help existing OA journals … These new journals will no longer invoke copyright to restrict access to and use of the material they publish and will not charge subscription or access fees, and will turn to other methods for covering their expenses. "Budapest Open Access Initiative," 14 February 2002, http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml. Accessed 16 September 2015) 01 November 2016

Some words of caution With the development of Open Access publishing, some unscrupulous publishers take advantage of authors Examples are stand-alone (one title) publishers, the publisher is the editor, no formal editorial/review board, lack of transparency of publishing operations no policy for digital preservation, name of journal is inflated or incongruent with journal’s mission, false claim of indexing, poor journal standards or practices, excessively broad titles, etc. 01 November 2016

Useful resources For further info, go to: Scholarly Open Access scholarlyoa.com/ or Beall’s List of Potential, Possible or Probably Predatory Scholary Open-access) scholarlyoa.com/publishers/ University of Witwatersand’s Open Access, A2K & Scholarly Communication: Predatory Publishers Libguide libguides.wits.ac.za/openaccess_a2k_scholarly_com munication/Predatory_Publishers Or check if the journal is listed in the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association oaspa.org/ or Directory of Open Access Journals https://doaj.org/ 01 November 2016

This is a cautionary note This is a cautionary note. Retraction Watch is a website that tracks the retraction of peer-reviewed papers due to fabrication, faulty research and/or statistics. All types of journal publishers (open access and commercial) must deal with these issues. 01 November 2016

This is part of an article published by the Washington Post – 27 March 2015. It discusses the retraction of 43 papers by BioMed Central. 01 November 2016

‘The national affiliations of authors and reasons for retraction of papers accessible through PubMed that were published from 2008 to 2012 and subsequently retracted were determined in order to identify countries with the largest numbers and highest rates of retraction due to plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors from more than fifty countries retracted papers. While the United States retracted the most papers, China retracted the most papers for plagiarism and duplicate publication. Rates of plagiarism and duplicate publication were highest in Italy and Finland, respectively. Unethical publishing practices cut across nations.’ Amos, K. The ethics of scholarly publishing: exploring differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication across nation. J Med Library Association. Apr 2014 102(2) 87-91 01 November 2016

Section B - Agency Sources (a brief sampling) Inter-governmental Agencies – WHO, UNAIDS Governmental Agencies - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S) Non-governmental Agencies – INASP 01 November 2016

The WHO site contains current news information plus links to statistics, publications, programs, health topics and guidelines. 01 November 2016

The UNAIDS webpage is the site of an inter-organization consortium The UNAIDS webpage is the site of an inter-organization consortium. It includes significant epidemiological, statistical, logistical and clinical information on HIV/AIDS. 01 November 2016

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention webpage contains a wealth of information on numerous infection diseases. 01 November 2016

INASP is an NGO that focuses on communication, knowledge and networking projects in low-income countries. 01 November 2016

Section C Searching & Discussion Tools (a brief sampling) Databases – IRIS (WHO Global Digital Library), PubMed and MetaLib, Open i Search engines – Google Scholar and Google custom searches Gateways – Medline Plus and Health Sciences Online Discussion groups – Dgroups, GHDonline, HIFA2015 01 November 2016

This is the platform for the IRIS - WHO’s Global Digital Library with online access to WHO published material. Note the Search WHO IRIS box and the ability to Refine you search to various regional WHO offices or programs. 01 November 2016

Displayed are the 4062 results for a hypertension AND developing countries search. In the right column, the results are ‘refined’ by WHO region and organization. 01 November 2016

The PubMed database contains over 26,000,000 indexed articles The PubMed database contains over 26,000,000 indexed articles. The search results contain links to free articles. In the past 15 years, the scope has been broadened to include more journals covering global health. See Basic Course Module 4 for details. 01 November 2016

MetaLib is a gateway to numerous U. S MetaLib is a gateway to numerous U.S. governmental agencies’ databases including PubMed and EPA Publications and Newsletters. Search results will lead you to citations in the other databases which may or may not be linked to full-text articles. The Advanced Search page is displayed. 01 November 2016

Google Scholar helps you identify the most relevant research across the world of scholarly research. From this search engine, you can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. This search tool aims to sort articles the way researchers do, weighing the full text of each article, the author, the publication in which the article appears, and how often the piece has been cited in other scholarly literature. The most relevant results will always appear on the first page. While you will receive links to specific journal articles, you will need to LOGIN to HINARI to access articles from HINARI Partner Publishers. Other material may be freely accessible via the WWW. Google Scholar provides access to scholarly literature including peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. 01 November 2016

Customized Google custom search: Non- governmental Organizations Search Engine - for students, faculty, researchers and officials.. 01 November 2016

Customized Google custom search: Intergovernmental Organization Search Engine - for students, faculty, researchers and officials. 01 November 2016

Open i is an Open Access Biomedical Image Search Engine supported by the U.S. National Library of Medicine Limits for searches include Rank by, Image Type, Subsets, Collections, License Type and Specialties. 01 November 2016

Developed and maintained by the National Library of Medicine (USA), MedlinePlus is an invaluable resource for consumer health information. Access is by topic or keyword search engine. 01 November 2016

Health Sciences Online is a searchable portal with over 50,000 reviewed articles on courses, references, guidelines and other learning resources. It was launched in late 2008 and includes the Google Translation option. 01 November 2016

Results of a type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search Results of a type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search. Note the Refine Resource Type and other options. 01 November 2016

Dgroups is an organization with multiple development-related discussion groups. After registering, you can join any groups that are of interest to you. 01 November 2016

GHD Online is an online platform of communities where health professionals share proven practices, connect with colleagues and find resources for improving outcomes in resource limited settings. Note link to the communities on the initial page. 01 November 2016

HIFA2015 is an international discussion group and resource geared toward the health information needs of low-income countries. Registration is required but free. 01 November 2016