Comparative Efficacy and Physiology of Front and Back Leg Kicks

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Presentation transcript:

Comparative Efficacy and Physiology of Front and Back Leg Kicks Ruchita Pendse April 5, 2015 Biol 438 Project Presentation

The Real-World Problem Martial arts + combat End goal: Damage to the opponent/attacker Power of Strike Probability of Hitting Target Instantaneous optimization decisions are constantly being made

Question How do front and back-leg kicks differ in their ability to harm an opponent, and what is the underlying physiology of those differences?

Methods How do we measure “damage”? Video Analysis Impulse: change in momentum; integral of Force w/r to time Proxy for direct measurement of force: projectile motion Initial velocity over time of contact with ball  acceleration  force Video Sony Cybershot RX10 II at 480fps Markers on joints of interest Six trials of each kick Analysis Logger Pro software for video analysis

Methods: Video Setup Back Leg Stance Front Leg Stance

Back Leg Kick

Front Leg Kick

Analysis Question 1: What is the difference in impulse delivered by the two kicks? F applied F drag (negligible) F gravity Determine velocity of the ball after it leaves the foot Determine duration of contact with the ball Mass of ball = 0.43 kg

Results Average applied force Average impulse Back Leg: 235 N Front Leg: 186 N Back leg kick delivers about 30% more force Average impulse Back Leg: 4.9 N s Front Leg: 4.0 N s  Back leg delivers about 25% greater relative impulse

Analysis Question 2: What is the difference in the speed and predictability of the two kicks?

Results Time from start of kick initiation to contact Back leg: 0.66 seconds Front leg: 0.61 seconds Surprisingly small difference Duration of kick does not matter as much as physiological “projection”

Analysis Question 3: What physiological differences are responsible for the different impulses delivered by the two kicks? How might this affect projection?

Foot momentum

Stages of a Kick Back Leg Front Leg

Back leg kick trajectory

Front leg kick trajectory

Key Conclusions Back leg kick was able to deliver a stronger impulse Longer drive creates higher velocity of impact More straight approach allows more mass to be behind the strike These results would be expected to be more pronounced with heavier targets Actual duration of the two kicks was quite similar Key physiological differences result in the back leg kick projecting much earlier Back hip drops and moves forward in back leg kick

Stages of a Kick Back Leg Front Leg

Limitations The soccer ball is a decent “force plate” but a poor target No rotational (twisting) component Assumptions No forces acted on the ball in the first 10 frames Drag is insignificant Did not look at rotation of the ball itself

Future Directions More ideal target/force plate? Frontal analysis to evaluate projection Angular analysis around each joint Accuracy of kicks Different types of kicks

References “Body Segment Data.” Kinesiology Calculations. ExRx.net. Web. 03 Apr 2016. “Momentum and Its Conservation.” Physics Tutorial. The Physics Classroom. Web. 03 Apr 2016. Questions?