Final Exam Review What does constant speed look like on a distance vs. time graph?

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Presentation transcript:

Final Exam Review What does constant speed look like on a distance vs. time graph?

A straight line!

Gravity is due to: ____________ and _______________

The masses of the objects And the distances between the objects

Which hits the ground first, A bowling ball or a feather??? A basketball or a tennis ball???

Air resistance causes the feather to accelerate slower than the bowling ball. Therefore, the bowling ball will strike the ground first. HOWEVER…….

Neither…. If air resistance is not a factor, all things fall at the same rate. On the moon, with no air, a bowling ball and a feather reach the ground at the same time!

What is a projectile?

Anything acted on by an initial force and then following a curved path due to gravity.

What is

When the downward acceleration due to gravity is equaled by the upward force of air resistance.

What is

When gravity is the ONLY force acting on an object.

Objects in free fall are experiencing CONSTANT ACCELERATION

Two cars collide…. … what is conserved??

MOMENTUM!

A. There was grease on the dashboard B. A supernatural force took over A. There was grease on the dashboard B. A supernatural force took over. C. Air resistance made the book move backward. D. The book had inertia.

Inertia is the tendency of inertia to obey Newton’s First Law of Motion.

Newton’s Laws What is the first law?

Second Law?

Third Law?

What is a machine?

Anything that makes doing work easier. Does so by changing the size or the direction of the input force.

What is a compound machine?

What do you know about mechanical efficiency?

It’s never greater than 100% It decreases the more friction that exists. Compound machines have more moving parts, therefore more friction, therefore less efficiency than simple machines.

Look at all the energy lost by this engine!

What is mechanical advantage?

It is the # the machine multiplies your input force by. AMA = output force / input force

IMA = input distance/ output distance

Which one has the Input Force 3 classes of levers: Which one has the Input Force in between the Fulcrum and the Output Force?

3rd CLASS!!

3 classes of levers: Who’s MA is ALWAYS greater than 1? Who’s MA is ALWAYS less than 1?

1st class levers are USUALLY greater than 1. But not always!

2nd class levers ALWAYS have MA > 1 b/c the input arm is ALWAYS longer than the output arm.

3rd class levers ALWAYS have MA < 1 MA is always less than 1 because the input arm is always shorter than the output arm.

Are any of these 3rd class levers?

What kind of energy is displayed here?

Elastic Potential Energy

What kind of energy is displayed here?

What kind of energy is displayed here?

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Anything that has speed, has kinetic energy

What is mechanical energy?

Mechanical Energy = Potential energy + Kinetic energy

Can something have both kinetic energy AND potential energy?

Anything that has height YES! Anything that has height AND is moving, has both!

Where does the pendulum lose potential energy Where does the pendulum lose potential energy? Where does it gain kinetic energy?

Think of a swing set. Where are you going fastest? Slowest? When are you highest? Lowest?

Every time there is an energy conversion, what happens?

Some thermal energy is created and lost as heat.

What is temperature?

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

Typically, adding heat to a substance causes the temperature to….

Increase! But… what if the substance is going through a phase change?

Then, there’s NO CHANGE in temperature!

But don’t you add heat when you’re boiling something But don’t you add heat when you’re boiling something? And doesn’t water get colder when it freezes?

NO!

What do you need to have a circuit?

A load (resistor) A source (cell or battery) Conductors (continuous set of wires for the current to travel)

What is an EM wave?

Ones with electric fields and magnetic fields vibrating at 90o angles to one another.

How does a cell work?

It changes chemical energy into electrical energy.

Parts of a longitudinal wave?

What is

Variable that stands for Heat/ Thermal Energy

What is the variable for Momentum?

What is the unit for Force?

Newtons!

What are the units for Work?

Joules

What is the unit for power?

Watt!

What is Voltage?

- The difference in electric potential energy

What are the different types of current? And where can you find them?