Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Kingdom Fungi It is believed that bread-making with yeast began in Egypt. The ancient Egyptians discovered that mixing wheat with ale produced a lighter texture in bread. What was the fungus in the ale that caused this effect? (Yeast) Student activity? Making bread. View BioVue on fungi. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com A Recipe for Mushrooms Ingredients: Substrate (compost): hay horse droppings (urine,) corn cobs poultry droppings Spawn: mostly the mycelium of a mushroom Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com A Recipe for Mushrooms Directions: Prepare the substrate: mix ingredients, sterilize Combine spawn to substrate, mix Wait then harvest mushrooms Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Draw a mushroom Cap Stalk Hyphae: root-like fibers Mycelium: a group of hyphae Spores: inside gills Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Examine a Mushroom Cap Stalk Gills Ring Basidia Spores Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Cap Stalk Ring? Gills Basidia: inside gills, small Spores: attached to basidia Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Nutrition Extracellular digestion Digestive enzymes are secreted into the substrate, digested food is absorbed into the mycelium. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Reproduction Haploid spores are produced The life cycle of a mushroom Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com The basidia are located in the gills. The stipe is the stalk. Haploid to diploid (n to 2n) The germinating basidospore produces the the (hyphae?) or mycelium. In the mycelium by fusion. Basideospores are produced by meiosis. Basideospres are dispersed by wind! Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Beneficial Fungi Yeast Mushrooms Morels Truffles Penicillin- medicine food Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Non-beneficial Fungi Rusts Rhizopus Black bread mold Puffballs Toadballs Toadstool Ringworm Tomato blight Cucumber scab Athlete's foot Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Phylum: Zygomycota Common mold Black Bread mold Produce sporangia Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Phylum: Basideomycota mushrooms Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Phylum: Deutromycotes Imperfect fungi Ring worm Athlete's foot etc. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Phylum: Asocomycota Yeast truffles morels sac fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Phylum: Imperfect Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com References http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/499991/CDA29_1/CDA29_1a/CDA29_1a.htm Excellent bisideomycetes life cycle   Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Lichens Green scale-like patches on rock and trees Symbiotic partnership fungus (water, minerals) cyanobacteria (photosynthesis) soil builders Survive in harsh environments Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com LICHENS- A primary producer Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com LICHEN Lichen is a combination of two separate organisms - fungus and cyanobacteria The fungus provides a structure that may protect the alga from drying and harsh conditions The algae provides the food supply using photosynthesis Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Lichens are also dye sources, and is used as a food-coloring agent and to form litmus, the acid-base indicator. In arctic and alpine regions such lichens as reindeer moss serve as food for caribou, reindeer and other mammals. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Answer Key 1.        Lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. 2.        Because both partners benefit this is an example of mutualism. 3.        Fungi can reproduce both __sexuallyandasexually 4.        The members of kingdom fungi are heterotrophic/heterotrophic they use other organisms for food. 5.        The filaments that make up a fungus are called hypha. 6.        Together these filaments are called the mycelium. 7.        If the filament is an unspecialized root it is called a rhizoid. 8.        The different phyla of fungi are separated based on their fruiting body, or spore-producing structure. 9.        In bread mold, a sporangia is a structure that produces spores. 10.     The fungus yeast is an exception, but most other fungi are multicellular, unlike the members of kingdom Protista. 11.     In fungi, internal membranes, for example, a nuclear envelope, are present, making them eukaryotic, unlike the bacteria. 12.     If an organism uses dead organisms as a food supply as many fungi do, it is called a saprophyte. 13.     Athlete’s foot is a fungus that uses a living organism as a food supply. It is a parasite. 14.     The outermost structure of a fungal cell, the cell wall, is different than plants. It contains a polysaccharide called chitin.. 15.     Fungi are important decomposers in the environment. Using extra cellular they breakdown dead organisms and release their nutrients into the environment. 16.     After this process the fungi use absorption to obtain these nutrients. 17.     A spore does not contain a double set of chromosomes. It is a haploid cell. 18.     A single spore lands on a piece of bread and produces a sporangium and new spores. This is an example of asexual reproduction Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Fungus Xerox 18-2 11 heterotropic eukaryotics 12 chitin 13 hypha 14 mycellium 15 spore 16 basdeomycota 17 EC 18 EC deuteromycetes 19 sexually and asexually 20 asexual 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 g 6 e 7 g 8 b 9 e 10 f Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Fungi Xerox 18-2 (cont.) 21 22 23 Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com FUNGI BOTH PLANTS Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Fungi – 23-2 1 b 2 h 3 d. 4 i 5 f 6 b/h 7 g 8 e 9 f E.C. 10 c 11 i E.C. 12 a 13 Heterotrophs 14 outside 15 Hypha 16 Mycelium 17 Perforated 18 Asexually 19 Fruiting Body 20 Deueromycetes Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com