Ordered Structure for the Classification of Organisms

Classification Taxonomy- the study of how scientists classify organisms. Modern classification systems uses a series of levels to group organisms.

Classification An organism is placed into a broad group and is then placed into more specific groups based on its structure. The levels of classification, from broadest to most specific, include:

Classification The more classification levels an organism shares with another, the more characteristics they have in common.

Levels of Classification: Kingdoms 5 kingdoms- Monerans, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals Organisms are place in kingdoms based on their ability to make food and the number of cells in their body.

Phylum (pl. phyla) In the plant kingdom, phyla are sometimes referred to as divisions. Plants are divided into 2 groups: vascular and non-vascular. There are 35 phyla in the animal kingdom. These are divided into vertebrate and invertebrate.

Class, Order, Family These levels become even more specific. They include fewer organisms that have more in common as they go down the levels.

Genus Contains closely related organisms The genus is used as the first word in an organism’s scientific name.

Species Consists of all the organisms of the same type which are able to breed and produce offspring of the same kind. The species is used as the second word in the scientific name.

Remember this… amily pecies ingdom lass rder enus hylum King Phillip came over for good spaghetti. amily pecies ingdom lass rder enus hylum

Scientific Name The scientific name of an organisms is made up of its genus and species. It is written in italics (Genus species) with the genus capitalized. Ex. Canis lupus is the scientific name for the wolf. Ex. Pinus taeda is the scientific name for a loblolly pine.

The Five Kingdoms Monerans (bacteria) Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Monerans Single celled organisms Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Some are heterotrophic, some are autotrophic Bacteria fall into the Moneran Kingdom

Protists Protists are mostly single celled organisms (unicellular) but some protest are multi-cellular Protists cells are eukaryotic (have a nuclei Some are animal-like (heterotroph- need to eat other organisms) and some are plant-like (autotroph- use sunlight to produce food).

Fungi ● Almost all fungi are multi-cellular organisms. ● Fungi cells have nuclei (eukaryotic). ● Fungi do not move to get food, but they do need to absorb nutrients from other organisms (either living or dead).

Plants ● All plants are made of many eukaryotic cells. ● Plants are autotrophs - they use sunlight to make their food

Animals ● Animals are multi-cellular organisms. ● Animal cells have nuclei (eukaryotic). ● Almost all animals move to get food. Animals are heterotrophs - they eat other organisms to get energy