Unit 4 - Immunology and Public Health

Unit 4 – Immunology and Public Health 1. The Immune System 2. Infectious Diseases and immunity Non-specific defences Specific cellular defences Transmission and control Active Immunisation and Vaccination and the evasion of immune responses

By the end of this section you will be able to ….. 2. Infectious Diseases & immunity a) transmission and control of disease By the end of this section you will be able to ….. Name 5 types of pathogen Name a disease caused by each type of pathogen Name 6 methods infectious diseases can be transmitted from person to person Name 5 methods the transmission of infectious diseases can be controlled Describe both the individual and community responsibility of controlling transmission of infectious diseases

Pathogens Pathogens are organisms that can harm and cause infectious diseases. Examples of pathogens include: Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Multicellular Parasites House MD parasite clip

Human diseases caused by this type of pathogen Description Human diseases caused by this type of pathogen BACTERIA Single celled organisms without a nucleus tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid, cholera, tetanus, dysentery and pneumonia VIRUSES Non-living particles that can only reproduce within a living cell Common cold, herpes, measles, AIDS, chicken pox, small pox FUNGI Simple organisms including mushrooms and yeasts that grow as single cells or thread like filaments Ringworm, athletes foot, candidiasis, histoplasmosis PROTOZOA Single celled organisms with a nucleus Malaria, giardiasis, chagas disease, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis MULTI- CELLULAR PARASITES Living organism, that can live inside intestinal tract or blood stream Round worm infections, tape worm infections

Think / pair / share What is meant by transmission? Choose one disease from each row in your table and describe how it could have been transmitted For each disease you picked, describe possible methods of controlling the transmission of the disease

Transmission of infectious diseases The spread of microbes and infection is also known as… TRANSMISSION! Transmission by inhaled air Coughing Sneezing Breathing Transmission by food Eating undercooked food Transmission by water Drinking dirty or contaminated water

Transmission of infectious diseases Transmission by vector organisms A bite from an infected animal Transmission by direct physical contact Touch Transmission by body fluids Sexual contact Blood transfusion

Which 3 control methods would be an individual's responsibility? Which 3 control methods would be a communities responsibility? Appropriate storage and handling of food Appropriate storage and handling of food Quarantine Good hygiene Good hygiene Care in sexual health Care in sexual health Appropriate waste disposal systems Appropriate waste disposal systems Quality water supply Quality water supply Safe food webs Safe food webs Control of vectors Antisepsis

How can infectious diseases be transmitted? The spread of microbes and infection is also known as… TRANSMISSION! Transmission can occur by: Inhaled air Food Water Vector organisms (carry and transmit a pathogen into another organism) Direct physical contact Body fluids

How can we control the transmission of infectious diseases? Quarantine Antisepsis The use of antiseptics to eliminate pathogens Individual responsibility good hygiene care in sexual health appropriate storage/handling of food Community responsibility quality water supply safe food webs appropriate waste disposal systems The control of vectors

Homework task – FACT FILE Pick a pathogen Pick a human disease caused by this pathogen Research how this disease is transmitted Research the best method(s) of controlling the transmission of this disease Other useful info: Symptoms of disease treatments / cures life cycle of pathogen NB – you cannot do the same disease as someone else in the class!

BBC Infested Living With Parasites https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgSeMLZ-SK4 Video saved in Key Area 3 folder too NOT for the faint hearted!

Can you now …. Name 5 types of pathogen Name a disease caused by each type of pathogen Name 6 methods infectious diseases can be transmitted from person to person Name 5 methods the transmission of infectious diseases can be controlled Describe both the individual and community responsibility of controlling transmission of infectious diseases