The Psychoanalytic Perspective Unconscious & Personality Adler Is this Legit? Horney Neo-Freudians Jung The Psychoanalytic Perspective (Mod 44) We are here Personality Tests Freud Unconscious & Personality Projective Tests Defense Mechanisms Structure Rorschach Inkblot TAT Development

How do we assess the unconscious? We can use hypnosis or free association. But more often we use projective tests. -Ambiguous stimuli, asking questions about it - Two widely-used types

1. TAT Test Thematic Apperception Test Giving the subject a picture that is ambiguous, then ask them what is occurring. Their answers reveal the manifest content. They can then discover the Latent Content.

TAT

2. Rorschach Inkblot Test The most widely used projective test -A set of ten inkblots designed to identify people’s feelings when they are asked to interpret what they see in the inkblots.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Armageddon Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INLo0Zr0_lA

Problems? Brainstorm some potential problems with projective tests No universal scoring; completely up to psychologist (open to bias/discrimination) Poor predictive ability for future behavior Remember 2 basic criteria for a good test Reliability & Validity

Projective Tests: Criticisms Critics argue that projective tests lack both reliability (consistency of results) and validity (predicting what it is supposed to). When evaluating the same patient, even trained raters come up with different interpretations (reliability). 2. Projective tests may misdiagnose a normal individual as pathological (validity).