GERUNDS AND INFINITVES

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GERUNDS AND INFINITVES

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples: Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence I enjoy reading. object of sentence

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not." Examples: He enjoys not working. The best thing for your health is not smoking.

Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence

Examples: To learn is important. subject of sentence The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence He wants to learn. object of sentence

Infinitives can be made negative by adding "not.“ Examples: I decided not to go. The most important thing is not to give up.

BOTH, GERUNDS & INFINITIVES … can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.

Examples: Learning is important. normal subject To learn is important. abstract subject - less common The most important thing is learning. normal complement The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common

AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.

Examples: He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund. He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.

SOME VERBS ARE FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS AS OBJECTS SOME VERBS ARE FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS AS OBJECTS. LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS agree continue hesitate seem appear decide hope prefer arrange demand intend start prepare ask deserve learn dread like pretend begin expect love can't bear promise manage fail can't stand need propose forget care refuse get (be allowed to) neglect cease regret choose happen offer claim hate remember plan

NOW IT’S TIME TO PRACTICE http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_1.htm http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_2.htm http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_3.htm http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_4.htm