Attribution Attributions A. Definition B. Process: Observation/Inference 1. Why? 2. How? 3. Is The Process Difficult To Understand? a. Many Behaviors Trivial b. Many Behaviors Designed To Deceive c. Many Actions Shaped Externally

Attribution C. Types of Attributions 1. Internal/External 2. Stable/Unstable D. Importance of Effort 1. Effort and Failure 2. Lack of Effort and Success E. Teacher's Reactions To Student Outcomes 1. Success 2. Failure

Attribution F. Individual Differences 1. Success-Oriented vs. Failure-Oriented 2. High Achievement Needs vs. Low Achievement Needs 3. Males vs. Females 4. White vs Minority 5. Middle-Class vs Lower-Class G. Expectations and Attributions H. Actors and Observers--Fundamental Attribution Error I. Attributions and Focus of Attention

Attribution J. Defensive/Self-Serving/Egocentric Attributions Self Other Success Failure