Acronym Original List MECH-’n Legs Moving Large Stuff Mechanical Grav, elast, sound Moving Atomic Stuff Heat Light Chemical Electrical Nuclear MECH-’n Legs Mechanical Electrical Chemical Heat Nuclear Light elastic gravitational sound I will wait for the sumo industrial strength walker

Transfer of Energy KaPOW!

The six Primary “forms” of energy in a nutshell Mechanical: An object in motion or position. Gravitational, Elastic, Sound Heat: Energy via moving / vibrating atomic particles Electromagnetic: Disturbance of the electromagnetic field from vibrating charged (+/-) particles Chemical: Bonds between atoms Electric: Moving Electrons Nuclear: Energy stored in the Nucleus of an Atom.

Work = Energy Work Energy: Moving an object by pushing it. a transference of energy Energy: The Ability to do work (move both large or small objects) It’s what causes change.

Three main concepts of transfer: There is a total set amount of energy in the universe. All energy is conserved it’s neither created or destroyed All forms of energy are interchangeable Remember: Work is a transference of energy

Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy can only be transferred (Changed from one form to another) Heat energy is usually a bi-product of that transfer Chemical (Photosynthesis) Heat Energy (E Tax) Electromagnetic Energy (Light) Nuclear (sun) Example: Brass Balls smacked against the paper

Roller Coaster The Gravitational Potential Energy of the roller coaster transfers Into Kinetic Energy when it rolls down the hill! Watch the graphs while the coaster falls! Potential Kinetic

Rocket Watch the graphs while the rocket takes off: Potential Kinetic

But it isn’t as simple as that! There is more energy involved here than just Potential and Kinetic: Chemical Potential Kinetic Gravitational Potential Heat

All Forms of Energy are Inter-changeable Chemical Energy Nuclear Energy Heat Energy Electromagnetic Energy Electrical Energy Mechanic Energy DVD: Energy (Discovery)

Energy Form Transfer: Any Form of energy can change into pretty much any other form of energy including a change into more than one at a time! Heat Chemical Nuclear Electromagnetic Mechanical Heat Heat Chemical Heat Electric All energy changes also make heat! This heat is usually lost to space.. Think: Did you notice how many times “heat energy” showed up? What might explain this?

Conservation of Energy: The pendulum will NOT gain or lose energy when it swings! It only swings with as much energy as it is given!

Application of Energy Conservation: But we realize that pendulums WILL eventually slow down and stop swinging! This seems to contradict the Law of C.E. BUT IT DOESN’T! Can you explain why the pendulum does slow down? (hint: think about forces!) Friction from air resistance Both forces act to slow down and eventually stop the pendulum. Gravity is constantly pulling down

Transfer of Gravitational Mechanical Energy Pendulum Potential & Kinetic energy go back and forth between each other. Energy is conserved in the process. Greatest Potential Energy Greatest Kinetic Energy

Transfer of Mechanical Energy Greatest Potential Energy PE=MGH 3 s 3 s 2 s 4 s 1 s 5 s G=9.8m/s2 Greatest Kinetic Energy KE+MV2 0 s 6 s

Converting Gravitational Potential to Gravitational Kinetic Potential Energy PE=mgh Kinetic Energy KE=1/2mv2 Work = Weight x Height (work = Force x Distance)

Where does the energy go after I drop the ball? Mass, Gravity & Height When you drop the ball, all of the gravitational potential energy is converted into gravitational kinetic. Once it hits the ground, some of that energy is converted into elastic, heat & sound. When it bounces back up, it regains gravitational potential. Mass, Gravity & Height

Collision creates heat! Dropping a ball onto the ground translates into heat. -Transfer of energy sequence: Potential  Kinetic  Heat (internal/thermal)  Sound  Electromagnetic (Infrared) Another example is to take the metal balls and whack it onto paper, or to rub your hands together. This creates heat. Demo: Collision Balls – Baseball Discussion

Energy & Friction Friction turns mechanical energy into heat

Chemical, Mechanical & Heat All energy can be transferred from one form to another. For example: Chemical  Mechanical Heat

Converting Elastic Potential to Elastic Kinetic Energy (click to play video)

What kind of energy conversions do you see here? (Click to play video)

Life Sustaining Energy Transforming Nuclear Energy into Energy We can Use. Harvesting and changing energy so we can use it to our benefit.

It all comes from somewhere…

We can draw a “flow chart” to show energy changes: Gravitational Potential Mechanical Electric Electromagnetic and Heat Moving water turns a “generator” to make electricity that comes to our house and we use for lots of things

The Sun – The origin of all our Energy! The Sun is the source for all of our energy in our solar system. The heat caused by pressure and gravity of the sun causes all energy – even the nuclear reactions! http://library.thinkquest.org/15215/Science/elements.html Element Table of the sun

Conversion 1: Nuclear  Electromagnetic & heat energy Light (EM) Nuclear In Nuclear Fusion the nuclei of atoms fuse together, causing much more energy being released than in Nuclear Fission. This is the process which powers the Sun. Here the Deuterium and Tritium atoms (these are the isotopes of Hydrogen:- these have extra neutrons in the nucleus than normal) fuse together to form He. Energy is released due to a difference in mass between He atoms compared with the sum of the Hydrogen atoms therefore it is conclusive evidence that some mass is converted into energy via Einstein’s relationship of E=mc2; where E=Energy, m=mass of nuclei, and c=speed of light (3x108). This is why the energy (E) released is greater in fusion than in fission because of a very large mass deficit (m). www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hussainw/nuclear_fusion.htm

Conversion 2: Light  Chemical (Photosynthesis) Note to self: Illustrate how electromagnetic can transfer into chemical – (biological stuff) & thermal w/ water, http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cxtdm/met/radiation_pres.jpg http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/images/ocp2003/WaterCycle-optimized.jpg What happens if we skip a step? Can we take the energy directly from the sun and still live? How do the plants play a roll in the scheme of energy? Nuclear, Electromagnetic & Heat Chemical (Photosynthesis)

Conversion 3: Chemical  Chemical (Meat) Chemical (Photosynthesis) Chemical (Biomass)

Conversion 4: Chemical (Meat)  Mechanical & Heat Mechanical (Movement) Chemical Heat

Electrical Energy Transformations First question: Electricity Light (Electromagnetic) Sound (Mechanical) Mechanical: Gravitational Potential Mechanical: Kinetic – in motion Heat: He is warming up giving off a nice glow What transformed into what? By touching the bill which had electrical energy (which is the joke, but is similar to sticking your finger into a light socket) the character was the medium by which electrical energy transformed into heat, light, sound, and of course, by jumping up into the air, he gained potential energy and by his moving around, has kinetic energy. What forms of energy do you see in this picture? What transformed into what?

Conversion 1-4: Nuclear  Light  Thermal  GPE Nuclear Energy  Electro-magnetic (light) + Heat Thermal Energy to Gravitational Potential Energy

Conversion 4-7: GPE  GKE  Mechanical  Electrical

Conversion 6-9: Mechanical  Electrical  Light & Heat

Class Activity Fill in the following transfers: Falling Ball _____  ______  _____ + _____ + _____ Wax to burning a candle _____  ______ + ______