Health Promotion

Objectives Define health, wellness, and fitness. Analyze and synthesize factors influencing behavior change. Apply SMART goals and motivation strategies to a variety of scenarios. Discuss theories and models of behavior change.

Health Absence of illness is the result of a series of complex interactions between a person and the environment. Dimensions of health include the following: Physical Mental Emotional Spiritual Social

Wellness Varying degrees of health within each dimension Hettler’s six dimensions of wellness model Physical wellness—perform day-to-day functions Intellectual wellness—creative and mental activities Emotional wellness—get through rigors of life Social wellness—contribution to community Spiritual wellness—meaning and purpose in life Occupational wellness—satisfaction from career

Six Dimensions of Wellness

Fitness Different from health and wellness Includes three aspects: Health-related components Skill-related components Physiological components

Health-Related Components Cardiorespiratory fitness Muscular strength Muscular endurance Flexibility Body composition

Skill-Related Components Agility Balance Coordination Speed Power Reaction time

Physiological Components Metabolic fitness Morphologic fitness Bone integrity

Types of Goals Long-term and short-term goals Outcome, performance, and process goals Objective and subjective goals

Setting SMART Goals S: Specific M: Measurable A: Achievable R: Realistic T: Timely

Motivation Intrinsic motivation—feelings inside that make you want to do something Extrinsic motivation—external reward or punishment that influences actions Positive and negative reinforcement

Theories of Behavior Change Self-determination: Pursue pleasure or avoid pain. Theory of reasoned action: Change health behavior if you perceive positive outcome. Health belief model: Motivation is fear of illness. Transtheoretical model: Five stages of readiness. 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance