WWI was supposed to be “The War to End All Wars” WWI aka The Great War: Bellwork: Since a war is filled with violence, intimidation, loss of life….How could it possibly be considered a war to end future wars? WWI was supposed to be “The War to End All Wars”

Raising an Army and a Navy May 1917, Congress passed the Selective Service Act required all males ages 21-30 to sign up for military service A draft is a system used to for choosing people for forced military service (1st used during the Civil War) By 1918, almost 3 million men had been drafted

Women Many women volunteered for duty oversees with the American Red Cross Jobs for women: Majority: nurses Interpreters Switchboard operators Entertainment

African Americans Approximately 400,000 African Americans served in the armed forces Many still faced discrimination from white American soldiers About 500,000 African Americans participated in the Great Migration. A shift from rural to urban because of the high demand for factory work

Germany stops fighting On November 9, 1918 the Kaiser stepped down Two days later November 11, 1918 Germany agreed to a Armistice: an end to fighting! 11th day of the 11th month at the 11th hour all fighting had ceased (stopped)

Life on the Home Front: America during WWI The War Industries Board: ran the nations factories; made decisions: such as making guns, ammo, uniforms. National War Labor Board: Set policies affecting wages and working conditions; outlawed strikes and acted as a referee in labor and management disputes

Role of Individual Citizens Victory gardens: raise your own veggies at home instead of depending on the market ex: high school students made victory gardens Liberty/War Bonds: public buys bonds from the government, this means that the people are actually lending $ to the government in return for interest

Encouraging Public Support Committee on Public Information: “sell” the public on the war Purpose? To get the public to want the war and be motivated about winning the war Propaganda: One sided information; tried to get people to think a certain way (opinions) Methods used: Actors, writers, advertisements, and musicians Emotional Involvement

Intolerance and Suspicion Espionage and Sedition Act: silenced any and all opposition to the war It became a crime to speak out against war or the government or armed forces Took away 1st amendment rights (freedom of speech) A 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States upheld the Espionage Act (Schenck had distributed anti-draft pamphlets) Pacifist: People opposed to all war (ex. Janette Rankin)

Legacy of WWI Wilson’s Fourteen Points 10 months before the war had ended, Wilson spoke out to Congress regarding his goals for peace; this became known as the Fourteen Points Smaller military forces No secret treaties (alliances) Freedom of the seas Free trade The 14th point became known as The League of Nations (United Nations): an association of nations to peacefully settle disputes Wilson believed that the Fourteen Points would bring “Peace without Victory”

Legacy of the War Treaty of Versailles The peace conference in France consisted of “The Big Four” (all allied powers) United States: Woodrow Wilson Great Britain- David Lloyd George France- George Clemenceau Italy- Vittorio Orlando

Legacy of the War Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to accept harsh consequences in the Treaty of Versailles (excluded from society “Nazi’s”) Germany forced to : Accept total blame for the war Germany must disarm Pay huge reparations (all allied costs) Give up colonies *Treaty of Versailles became a future cause of WWII…. Why?

Ratification Debate The debate created a 3 part division in the senate There were the Reservationists--- wouldn’t accept the treaty without changes Irreconcilables--- rejected the treaty completely Internationalists--- supported the treaty and the League Although the League of Nations was proposed by President Wilson…THE U.S. DID NOT JOIN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS!!!

Post War Fear of foreigners! Many foreign families were denied visas to come to the U.S. because of fear. Fears of a communist revolution (communists were called “Reds”) The hysteria was called the Red Scare January 1920, Palmer Raids: raided the homes of suspected radicals and anarchists: no search warrants, dragged people off to jail! By the 1920’s many Americans were feeling drained from the war, race riots, labor strikes, Red Scare, the fight over the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations; People wanted things to go back to normal!

Video- The Great War Note Summary of Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALdFbP9atMA&index=11&list=PLUZb2TqzIGEAogbDOfxtm3dS1V0PKrLX_ Start at 29:46