CATALYST Tuesday, October 3rd 1.) Enzymes are an example of which macromolecule? 2.) What is the function of enzymes?

Let’s Review: Building Blocks! Proteins are made of amino acids. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides (single sugars). Lipids are made of glycerol and fatty acids. Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides.

BREAK IT DOWN! What are these things that break down macromolecules? Now that we know our macromolecules and what they are made of, we need to know how they are broken down so our body can use them to make ENERGY! What are these things that break down macromolecules? ENZYMES, which are a type of PROTEIN

Enzymes can… Help bring two molecules together A + B  C Help break a molecule apart C  A + B (this is like digestion)

ENZYME Examples Amylase: enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars Lipase: enzyme that breaks down fats into lipids Protease: enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. What do these names have in common?? All these words end in the letters “ASE”

How do enzymes work? Enzymes speed up reactions in your body They do this by lowering the amount of energy that reactions need to happen Think of enzymes as a little push

How do enzymes work? Enzymes are shaped to fit a particular substrate. Enzymes have an active site where molecules bind. A substrate is the molecules that will fit in the active site The way enzymes and substrates fit together is like a lock and a key. Enzymes are shaped to fit a particular substrate. The substrate must fit the active site. SHAPE IS VERY IMPORTANT!!!

What affects how an enzyme works? Temperature and pH can affect how an enzyme works. Every enzyme has a temperature and pH that they work best at…they are very picky! At different temperatures and pHs, enzymes will change shape. If the enzyme is not the correct shape, the substrate will not fit!

10 20 30 40 50 Jeopardy Bonding Atomic structure Enzymes Macromolecules Acids and Bases 10 20 30 40 50