CHAPTER 9 JOINTS. Articulations - places of union between two or more bones.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 9 JOINTS

Articulations - places of union between two or more bones

FIBROUS JOINTS Bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue No synovial cavity –Sutures –Syndesmoses –gomphoses

CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS Bones held together by cartilage No synovial cavity –Synchondroses –Symphyses

SYNOVIAL JOINTS Bones connected by dense irregular connective tissue of articular capsule also by accessory ligaments Synovial cavity is present

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints- based on degree of movement Synarthroses - no movement Amphiarthroses - slight movement Diarthroses - freely movable

Suture - skull Synchondroses - epiphyseal plate - temporary Gomphosis - teeth in socket Synarthroses - no movement

Symphyses - ex. Pubic symphysis Syndesmoses - ex. Tibia and fibula connected by ligaments Amphiarthroses - slight movement

ball and socket condyloid hinge saddle pivot gliding Diarthroses - freely movable

Synovial joint articular capsule (fibrous and synovial) synovial fluid articular cartilage articular discs - menisci

Movements of Synovial Joints

Bursae Sac or sac-like cavity, lined with synovial membrane, filled with synovial fluid

Factors affecting ROM Structure / shape of articulating bones Strength & tension (tautness) of joint ligamens Arrangement & tension of muscles Contact of soft parts Hormones disuse

Joints to know in detail - shoulder elbow hip Knee tmj

Temporomandibular joint

Shoulder joint

Elbow Joint

Hip Joint

Knee Joint

Knee Joint Movements

Knee

Knee injury

Homeostatic Imbalances of Joints Sprain Cartilage injuries Luxation Inflammatory and Degenerative conditions Bursitis Tendonitis Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Gouty arthritis

Arthritis - inflammation of joints

Rheumatoid Arthritis Painful, crippling, autoimmune Four stages: 1. Inflammation of the synovium 2. Formation of pannus (abnormal granulation tissue) 3. Fibrous ankylosis 4. Bony ankylosis

Osteoarthritis Degenerative arthritis result of use softening of cartilage separation of fibers disintegration of cartilage eburnation

Gouty Arthritis synovium inflamed repeat attacks urate deposits Metabolic disorder

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