Cell structure and function

Learning outcomes Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by description and examples Identify the structure of animal cells and plant cells Distinguish between animal cells and plant cells

Cell theory Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow led to the development of the cell theory. All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products. New cells are created by old cells dividing into two. Cells are the basic building units of life. All cells are enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane—plasma membrane All cells (at some point) contain DNA

Cell size

Cell structure Under the regular light microscope

Cell structure Under the electron microscope

General cell structure Cell wall—covering that supports, shapes, and protects cell Plasma membrane—sheath around cytoplasm that regulates entrance and exit of molecules Cytoplasma—the content of a cell Organelle—small, membranous bodies, each with specific structure and function Nucleus—an organelle enclosed by nuclear envelope. Store genetic material (DNA)

Prokaryotic cell Bacteria(cyanobacteria) and archaea

Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells— no nucleus Prokaryotic cells— no organelle Prokaryotic cells have nucleoid

Eukaryotic cells All organisms except bacteria and archaea Eukaryotic cells— nucleus & organelles

Unique structure of plant cells— large central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast

Chloroplast

Unique structure of animal cells—centrioles

Animal cell and plant cell In common Plasma membrane Organelles—endoplasmic reticulum (ER); Golgi apparatus; mitochondrion; lysosome; peroxisome; vesicle Ribosome Nucleus Cytoskeleton Cilia & flagella

Plasma membrane

Nucleus – synthesis of DNA&RNA

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondrion—energy center

Prepared slides Elodea cell structure