Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus River 42 – 45

Geography of South Asia

HOT AIR WINTER MONSOON Sept. - March *Khyber Pass Himalayas *Indus River Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal COOL AIR SUMMER MONSOON May-Sept. Indian Ocean

Rivers The two rivers and the lands they water make up a large area that stretches 1,500 miles across northern India. Indus River - west Ganges River - east

*Aryans found a route into India via the mountains *Wall of Mountains surround India Hindu Kush Mts. Karakoram Mts. Himalaya Mts. Separate the land mass of India from the rest of Asia. Sub-continent Allowed for India to develop a culture *Aryans found a route into India via the mountains

*Monsoons Seasonal winds dominate India’s climate. Winter Monsoons Dry air across country from mountains to lands Summer Monsoons Moisture carries rains from seas to the land *Brings in rain to water the crops.

Winter Monsoon Summer Monsoon

What is unusual about this picture?

Monsoon Pool

Working in the Rice Fields

Environmental Challenges Indus River flows: Himalayas to Arabian Sea Problem: Irregular Flooding River changes course unpredictable.

Earliest Arrivals Unknown origins of earliest inhabitants Primarily herders Sheep Goats Began farming about 3200 B.C. along the Indus

Planned Cities *Shows that Indus valley had organized govt. 100 settlements along the Indus Rv. Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Advanced city planning. Grid system Fortified areas Advanced technology Advanced plumbing Sewage systems *Shows that Indus valley had organized govt.

Harappa and Mohenjo Daro Population about 35,000 Streets were laid out in grid patterns – right angles Each city had a water system, public baths and a sewer system Water well throughout the city and in some private homes

Mohenjo - Daro Cities were planned - laid out in a grid Houses were built from *uniform brick *Plumbing systems.

Harappa *Cities were run by a well-organized government Types of job Farmers – Merchants - Traders

Advances in Technology Private baths Private dressing rooms Private toilets Pools Sewage systems

Mohenjo Dara/Harappa Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAyK2AXTAeA&feature=my_liked_videos&list=LLuc_W0uf7Sjq0RKO9PFXmUQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Chapter 3 Section 1 Indo – European Migrations pp. 57 - 61

Aryan Invaders Transform India Around 1500BC, nomads moved into India. Aryans conquered locals and merged their cultures. Settled in river valleys (conquering tribes came through Khyber pass) Aryans became farmers Created and used iron plow, irrigation systems Crops – wheat, barley, rice, millet, vegetables, cotton and a variety of spices Developed writing system - Sanskrit

Aryan Caste System *Divided people by occupation Priest (Mouth) Rulers & Warrior (Arms) Peasants & Traders (Legs) Laborers (Feet) *Lack of Social Mobility