Psychology 3510: Learning Lecture 1

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Psychology 3510: Learning Lecture 1 Fall, 2017 Professor Delamater

Associative Learning Pavlovian Conditioning (Pavlov) Instrumental (Operant) Conditioning (e.g.,Thorndike, Skinner)

Associative Learning Pavlovian Conditioning (Pavlov) Instrumental (Operant) Conditioning (e.g.,Thorndike, Skinner)

Associative Learning Pavlovian Conditioning Metronome – Meat Powder Salivation The Metronome is temporally paired with meat powder. Initially, the Metronome does not produce any responses on its own, but the meat powder unconditionally produces salivation.

Associative Learning Pavlovian Conditioning Metronome – Meat Powder CS – US Salivation Salivation CR UR After a number of pairings, however, the Metronome acquires the ability to produce a new conditioned response – salivation. The Metronome is called the conditioned stimulus (CS), the Meat Powder the unconditioned stimulus (US), salivation when it is produced by the Meat powder the unconditioned response (UR), and the salivation when it is produced by the Metronome the conditioned response (CR).

Associative Learning Pavlovian Conditioning:

Associative Learning Instrumental Conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner, others):

Associative Learning Pavlovian vs Instrumental Conditioning: CS - US Contingency R - Reinforcer Contingency The main procedural difference between Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning is that in Pavlovian learning the critical environmental contingency is that between two stimuli (CS and US), whereas in instrumental conditioning the critical environmental contingency is that between the animals own response and the events that follow (for instance, the reinforcing event). Note that the “US” and the “reinforcer” can both be the same event, e.g., food.

Rationale for Studying Associative Learning in Non-Human Animals Associative learning: an important psychological process Evolution of Intelligence Neurobiological study of learning is easier Causal factors are more easily revealed (through experimental control) Simple systems approach Animal models can lead to benefits for humans (e.g., drug discovery, brain mechanisms of psychopathology, etc)

Some Basic Assumptions Learning: Defined as an experience-dependent change in the mechanisms underlying behavior. - Learning/Performance distinction - Learning versus Fatigue, Maturation

Some Basic Assumptions Learning: Defined as an experience-dependent change in the mechanisms underlying behavior. - Learning/Performance distinction - Learning versus Fatigue, Maturation Levels of Analysis - Individual neuron and synaptic level (molecular/genetic mechanisms) - Neural networks (brain structure interactions and neurochemistry) - Whole organism (Behavior) General Process Approach - Recognize behavioral diversity, but search for general laws - Experimental control (lab versus naturalistic observation methods)