The North Takes Charge Chapter 11 – Section 4 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History Semester One

The North Takes Charge Victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg help the Union wear down the Confederacy Prelude to Gettysburg May 1863, South defeats North at Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson mistakenly shot by own troops dies 8 days later of pneumonia Lee invades North to get supplies, support of Democrats

Gettysburg Three-day battle at Gettysburg cripples South turning point of war Confederates go to find shoes; meet Union cavalry July 1, Confederates drive Union back, take town The Second Day South attacks Union led by Gen. George Meade on Cemetery Ridge North pushes back attacks on Little Round Top Many exhausted Confederates surrender; Union line holds

Gettysburg The Third Day Armies exchange vicious artillery fire Lee orders attack on Union lines; North cuts down Confederates Meade does not counterattack; Lee retreats to Virginia staggering losses on both sides

Grant Wins at Vicksburg Vicksburg Under Siege Confederate Vicksburg prevents Union from controlling Mississippi Spring 1863, Union destroys MS rail lines, sacks Jackson Grant’s assaults on Vicksburg fail, begins siege in May Starving Confederates surrender on July 4th Port Hudson, Louisiana falls 5 days later; Confederacy completely divided

Gettysburg Address The Memorial Ceremony November 1863, ceremony held to dedicate cemetery in Gettysburg Edward Everett, noted speaker, gives two hour speech Lincoln’s two-minute Gettysburg Address asserts unity of U.S. honors dead soldiers calls for living to dedicate selves to preserve Union, freedom

Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Confederacy Wears Down Confederate Morale South unable to attack; last hope is undermine moral of North, get armistice Civilian morale plummets; public calls for peace Discord within government keeps Davis from governing effectively Grant Appoints Sherman March 1864, Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union armies Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander of Mississippi division Grant, Sherman believe in total war to destroy South’s will to fight

Confederacy Wears Down Grant and Lee in Virginia Grant’s strategy; keep Lee busy in Virginia Sherman raids Georgia May 1864 – April 1865; Grant and Lee fight battles Heavy losses on both sides; North can replace soldiers, South cannot Sherman’s March Sept. 1864, Sherman burns Atlanta December, takes Savannah, turns North to help Grant – inflicts even more destruction on So. Carolina

The Election and Appomattox The Election of 1864 Democrats want immediate armistice, nominate McClellan Radical Republicans – harsh conditions for readmission to Union Lincoln pessimistic; Northern victories, troops’ votes give him win Surrender at Appomattox After Petersburg, Davis’s government leaves Richmond, sets it afire Lee surrenders April 1865 at village of Appomattox Court House Lee’s soldiers paroled on generous terms