Charles Darwin 1859 – “Origin of Species” published Argued from evidence that species inhabiting Earth today descended from ancestral species Proposed a mechanism for evolution  Natural Selection Many scientists helped pave the way for Darwin’s Theory Alfred Wallace  same idea; encouraged Darwin to publish his work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyRA807djLc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMtT5_AQmLg

Malthus 1789 - Population growth expanded in times and regions of plenty until the size and population caused stress 6 editions of An essay on the Principles of Population

Lyell 1830 - Principles of Geology Uniformitarianism “present is the key to the past” 1863 – Published Geological Evidences on the Antiquity of Man. Brought together his three principles of glaciers, evolution and the age of the human race

Redi First to challenge spontaneous generation Creation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms. Fleas could arise from dust Demonstrated maggots come from eggs of flies

Needham Set up experiments to see if spontaneous generation was true Boiling broth mixture and cooling it, sealed flasks and microbes would grow in a few days. It was found that the temperature he used was not enough to sterilize. Findings were later challenged by Spallanzani

Spallanzani Contributions to the study of bodily functions, reproduction and animal echolocation Biogenesis helped to disprove preformationism Organisms form versions of themselves Helped to disprove spontaneous generation

Pasteur Well known for pasteurization and breakthroughs in preventing disease Fermentation is caused by biogenesis and not spontaneous generation

1. Fossil Record What does the Fossil Record tell us about organisms?

Example: Horse

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2C-3PjNGok

2. Homologous Structures

Homologous Structures

3. Vestigial Structures Structures that serve no function but useful structures in earlier ancestors Examples: Ear muscles Human tailbone

Vestigial Organs

4. Embryological Development Embryos of certain species develop almost identically in early ages, but differentiate late in development

Molecular Evidence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCPtDVnaQ1w

Today’s Learning Targets: *I can apply knowledge of evolution to the principles of microevolution. *I can describe examples of microevolution. Bellwork Which scientist observed animals of the Galapagos Islands? What kinds of animals did he observe? Identify the 5 types of evidence used to support the theory of evolution Several other scientists had already proposed evolution as a process for change, so why does Darwin get all the cred? Why did Charles Darwin finally decide to publish his work?

What is microevolution? Microevolution refers to the changes in genes within a population. Processes of microevolution: Natural Selection Migration Mate Choice Mutation Genetic Drift

1.) Natural Selection What is Natural Selection? Individuals with a certain trait that are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without the trait.

1.) Natural Selection The Peppered Moth

1.) Natural Selection Sickle Cell Anemia

Patterns of Natural Selection

If the Siberian Husky had heavier muscles, it would sink deeper into the snow, so they would move slower or would sink and get stuck in the snow. Yet if the Siberian Husky had lighter muscles, it would not be strong enough to pull sleds and equipment, so the dog would have little value as a working dog

2.) Migration Migration – Individuals with different alleles may move into or out of a certain population

2.) Migration

3.) Mate Choice Mate Choice – Parents are selective in the choice of mates to pass a limited set of traits onto the next generation.

3.) Mate Choice

3.) Mate Choice

3.) Mate Choice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Sj-UdjqlFw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdNyeasi0GI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFQ9VQ5jyw8&list=PLgSpqOFj1Ta4xHFM4kKR4VTW8CJmPNNNA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI_quJRRGxk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQ2amfd9mIM

4.) Mutation Mutations – Can change the number and types of alleles. The source of completely new alleles.

4.) Mutation

5.) Genetic Drift Genetic Drift – Random effects of everyday life can cause differences in survival and reproduction of individuals.

Chance!!!!

Exit Slip – Reflection of Activity 1.) Identify what the four slips of paper represent? 2.) Describe what happened to most mutations in the activity. 3.) Identify what factor(s) determined who “survived”. 4.) Evaluate the shortcomings of this model of natural selection.

Can you? Identify the 5 processes of microevolution? Which is due to chance? Which is a source of completely new alleles? Which causes gene flow?

Convergent evolution

Evolution of Camouflage Mantis:mimicry http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/1/l_011_03.html

Orchid and Bee: coevolution http://www. pbs example of mimicry in which the orchid has evolved to resemble a female bee

Crab spider: