Exam Review Day 7

Manifest Destiny – the belief that it was God’s will that the U. S Manifest Destiny – the belief that it was God’s will that the U.S. expand to the Pacific Manifest means obvious Do an image evaluation on this: What is in front of the lady? Behind the lady? What is fleeing? What is coming? What does the lady represent?

Texas Texas was a vast, unpopulated territory of Mexico Few Mexicans living in Texas were called Tejanos To solidify claim to Texas and protect from Comanche Indian attacks, Mexico invited US citizens into Texas

Texas Revolution Santa Anna takes over Mexico in 1834 & becomes dictator. Some states in Mexico (including Texas) revolt in 1835. Anglos & many Tejanos in Texas wanted independence from Mexico (& annexation to U.S.) Santa Anna ordered all Americans expelled, all Texans disarmed, & all rebels arrested. Southerners rushed across border to fight.

Polk annexed Texas 1845…Mexico broke off relations

Mexican army crossed Rio Grande & attacked Taylor President Polk sent John Slidell to negotiate a purchase of the SW, but Mexico refused Then Polk sent General Zachary Taylor into disputed area between Nueces & Rio Grande Mexican army crossed Rio Grande & attacked Taylor “Mexico has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon the American soil”

Northern Whigs Opposed War They feared the spread of slavery to the west Obscure congressman named Abraham Lincoln began introducing “spot resolutions” calling on Polk to name the spot where American blood had been shed on American soil “spotty Lincoln”

New Mexico, California, and Zachary Taylor U.S. Army takes New Mexico under Colonel Stephen Kearny. In CA, Captain Fremont leads American rebellion and forms the independent country of “Bear Flag Republic” Mexican gov’t arrests Fremont, puts him in jail U.S. forces under Kearny rescue Fremont, and take control of CA for US Fremont doesn’t want to give up CA btw People in New Mexico pretty much welcome Kearny (Santa fe trail and all that trade going in) Fremont on expedition out west with some men already, Hears rumors of war and Fremont rebels, B

1848 -- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave up claim on Texas north of Rio Grande Mexico gave up New Mexico & California Territory is called the Mexican Cession We pay Mexico $15 million for the cession Also pay $ to Mexico for reparations

Gadsden Purchase 1853 We bought some land from Mexico in order to build a southern transcontinental railroad Paid $10 million

Legacy Manifest Destiny -- U.S. gains huge amount of territory Issue of what to do with new land (slave or free) will lead to Civil War War provides combat experience for many officers who later fight in Civil War, i.e. Robert E Lee and Ulysses S. Grant Bad blood between U.S. & Mexico

Events leading up to Civil War

1. Wilmot Proviso/Westward Expansion Proposal for no slavery allowed in territory acquired from Mexican Cession Outcome: never approved North: in favor South: against

2. Underground Railroad Slaves escaping to northern cities or locations out of U.S. South: Against North: Support/Indifferent

3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe which describes the moral failings of slavery. North: loves book and protests Fugitive Slave Act South: hates book, feels attacked

4. Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law is passed with this compromise!

Fugitive Slave Laws required the return of runaway slaves. Any black--even free blacks--could be sent south solely on the affidavit of anyone claiming to be his or her owner. The law stripped runaway slaves of such basic legal rights as the right to a jury trial and the right to testify in one's own defense.

5. Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: repealed the Missouri Compromise and established popular sovereignty for both the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Pushed by Stephen Douglass from Illinois North: against South: supported

6. Rise of the Republican Party Formed to oppose the Kansas Nebraska Act and to keep slavery out of the territories. North: supported South: against

7. Dred Scott v. Sanford 1856 Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken with his master to live in a free territory. When his master died, Scott sued for his freedom since he had been living in a free state. Supreme Court ruled Scott was not a citizen, so he did not have rights and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. North: Furious! South: Overjoyed!

8. Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 race for U.S. Senate in Illinois Stephen Douglas, Democrat, favored popular sovereignty to let the people decide. Thought slavery would die out over time. Abraham Lincoln, Republican, against slavery and thought it had to be outlawed (more of a free soiler—not an abolitionist) North: pro Lincoln South: pro Douglas

9. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry In 1859, John Brown led a raid of 21 men (black and white) to an arsenal of weapons in Harper’s Ferry, VA. He planned to distribute the weapons and start a slave uprising. Brown is hanged for treason. North: supports Brown’s cause! South: against Brown, as a traitor!

10. Election of 1860 Republican Abraham Lincoln vs. Democrat Stephen Douglas vs. John Bell Lincoln wins presidential election with less than half of the popular vote…got no votes from the South. North: Supports South: Against