It’s Vocab Time!

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Atone (v.) to make up for

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Atone – M.E., “to become reconciled,” from at on "in harmony," from at + on "one"

Atone Mnemonic On the television show “My Name Is Earl” Jason Lee’s character is trying to atone for all of his past wrongdoings.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Bondage (n.) slavery; any state of being bound or held down

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Bondage – Anglo-L. bondagium, from M.E. bond "a serf, tenant farmer," from O.E. bonda "householder," from O.N. bondi, from boandi "free-born farmer," lit. prp. of boa "dwell, prepare, inhabit."

Bondage Mnemonic To create veal, young cows are kept in bondage so that they do not develop muscles because the cage is so tiny that they can’t move or turn around.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Credible (adj.) believable

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Credible – M.E., from L. credibilis, from credere "to trust, entrust, believe."

Credible Mnemonic Some people think that fortune tellers are not a credible source of information.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Defray (v.) to pay for

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Defray –M.Fr. defraier, from des- "out" + fraier "spend," from O.Fr. frais "costs, damages caused by breakage," from L. fractum, neuter pp. of frangere "to break"

Athletic scholarships can defray the cost of tuition for college. Defray Mnemonic Athletic scholarships can defray the cost of tuition for college.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Diligent (adj.) hardworking, industrious, not lazy

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Diligent – M.E., from M.Fr., from L. diligent-, diligens, from present participle of diligere to esteem, love, from di- (from dis- apart) + legere to select

Diligent Mnemonic Diligent students enter Ms. Walker’s class and begin to write in their journals immediately.  

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Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Doleful (adj.) sad; dreary

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Doleful – O.Fr. doel, from L.L. dolus "grief," from L. dolere "suffer, grieve."

Doleful Mnemonic The doleful puppy was melancholy because she had broken her two front legs and couldn’t play like she usually did.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Ghastly (adj.) frightful, horrible; deathly pale

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Ghastly – M.E. gastly, from gasten "to torment, frighten" + -lich "-ly."

Ghastly Mnemonic Simon Cowell has told many contestants on “American Idol” that their singing is ghastly.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Hamper (v.) to hold back

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Hamper – M.E. hampren "to surround, imprison, confine," later "to pack in a container," of unknown origin, possibly from hamper (n.), or somehow connected to M.E. hamelian "to maim.”

Hamper Mnemonic Arizona Diamondbacks pitchers try to hamper their opponents from scoring a home run.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Hew (v.) to shape or cut down with an ax; to hold to

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Hew – M.E., from O.E. hEawan; akin to Old High Ger. houwan "to hew," Lithuanian kauti "to forge," L. cudere "to beat with an axe"

The strong man prepared to hew the lumber with his axe. Hew Mnemonic The strong man prepared to hew the lumber with his axe.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Impoverished (adj.) poor, in a state of poverty; depleted

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Impoverished – M.E. enpoverisen, from M.Fr. empovriss-, stem of empovrir, from en- + povre "poor"

Impoverished Mnemonic Impoverished families often have to make their children work because they desperately need the money.  

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Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Incessant (adj.) never stopping, going on all the time

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Incessant – M.E. incessaunt, from L.L. incessant-, incessans, from L. in- + cessant-, cessans, present participle of cessare “no delay"

Incessant Mnemonic The Energizer bunny commercials claim that Energizer batteries have an incessant source of power that just keeps going and going.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Intricate (adj.) complicated; difficult to understand

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Intricate – M.E., from L. intricatus, past participle of intricare "to entangle," from in- + tricae "trifles"

scientific calculators to assist them with very Intricate Mnemonic Many students rely on scientific calculators to assist them with very intricate math formulas.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Lucid (adj.) easy to understand, clear; rational, sane

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Lucid – L. lucidus "light, bright, clear," from lucere "to shine," from lux (gen. lucis) "light," from PIE base *leuk- "to shine, be bright"

Lucid Mnemonic Politicians, such as Arizona’s former governor Janet Napolitano, speak in a lucid manner so that everyone can understand what they are trying to say.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Posthumous (adj.) occurring or published after death

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Posthumous –L. postumus "last, last-born," superlative of posterus "coming after, subsequent." Altered in L.L. by association with L. humare "to bury," suggesting death

Posthumous Mnemonic Kurt Cobain’s posthumous profits from Nirvana’s music goes to his widow Courtney Love and their daughter, Frances Bean.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Prim (adj.) overly neat, precise, proper, or formal; prudish

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Prim – Fr. prim "thin, small, delicate," from O.Fr. prim "fine, delicate," from L. primus "first, finest"

Prim Mnemonic Charlotte York always dressed and usually behaved in a prim manner on the television show “Sex in the City.”  

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Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Sardonic (adj.) grimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Sardonic – Fr. sardonique (16c.), from L. sardonius in Sardonius risus, loan-translation of Gk. sardonios (gelos) "of bitter or scornful (laughter)," altered from Homeric sardanios (of uncertain origin) by influence of Sardonios "Sardinian," because the Greeks believed that eating a plant they called Sardonion caused facial convulsions resembling those of sardonic laughter, usually followed by death.

Sardonic Mnemonic Ron Weasley became sardonic around Harry Potter when he thought that Harry had lied to him about entering himself in the Triwizard Tournament.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Superfluous (adj.) exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Superfluous – M.E., from L. superfluus, literally, "running over," from superfluere "to overflow," from super- + fluere "to flow"

Superfluous Mnemonic In 2006, the students donated a superfluous amount of money and Ms. Walker had to wear a Big Bird costume for Halloween.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Supplant (v.) to take the place of, supersede

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Supplant – O.Fr. supplanter "to trip up, overthrow," from L. supplantare "trip up, overthrow," from sub "under" + planta "sole of the foot."

Supplant Mnemonic Some athletes cannot wait to supplant their “star” teammate because they want the all of the attention for themselves.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Taunt (v.) to jeer at, mock (n.) an insulting or mocking remark

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Taunt – possibly from M.Fr. tanter, tenter "to tempt, try, provoke," variant of tempter "to try." Or from M.Fr. tant pour tant "so much for so much, tit for tat," on notion of "sarcastic rejoinder."

Taunt Mnemonic Late night talk-show hosts sometimes taunt celebrities and other famous people to get a laugh from the audience.  

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Tenacious (adj.) holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent

Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6 Tenacious – L. tenacitas "the act of holding fast," from tenax (gen. tenacis) "tough, holding fast," from tenere "to hold"

Tenacious Mnemonic Pit bulls and other breeds of dogs are known for their tenacious jaws which can cause serious damage to a person if they are attacked.  

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