Day 12 Objectives Evaluate the contributions of local and state reformers (government and civilian) towards the social and political issues concerning.

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Presentation transcript:

Day 12 Objectives Evaluate the contributions of local and state reformers (government and civilian) towards the social and political issues concerning the USA during the Progressive Era.

Progressive Reform Starts in cities…why? Bottom-Up…why?

Chicago...late 1800s “first in violence, deepest in dirt; loud, lawless, unlovely, ill, smelling, irreverent, new; an overgrown gawk of a village, the tough among cities, a spectacle for the nation.” Lincoln Steffens 1903

Jane Addams Wealthy upbringing Legend in the social work profession 1920, Co-founder of the ACLU 1931, first American woman awarded Nobel Peace Prize Supported TR

Hull House Settlement House (Addams’ London Trip) Founded 1889 by Addams & Ellen Gates Starr 1911, there were 13 buildings in the organization Addams and other “residents” live @ house… Assisted poor (mostly immigrant) women with nursing, midwifery, daycare, education Addams founder of National Playground Association Statistical Studies of the neighborhood that was used by politicians

Progressive Legislation National State Local Progressive Legislation

Municipal Level Changes  Attacked political bosses City commissions formed  “Control” of utilities… Education reform Welfare services (parks, housing, health insurance, labor laws) Examples Hazen Pingree (Detroit & Michigan) Sam “GR” Jones (Toledo)  Tom Johnson (Cleveland) I’m holding “Poverty & Progress” by Henry George

State Level Changes Direct Primary – voters select their party’s candidates Initiative – voters can put bills before legislature Referendum – Voters can vote on bills directly Recall – remove elected officials from office 17th Am (1913) – U.S. senators are elected by popular vote

Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette Republican turned Progressive Representative, Gov & Senator for Wisconsin The Wisconsin Idea creating legislation through university research State is “laboratory for democracy” Provide model for other states and fed gov to follow Monopolies, trusts, high living costs, predatory wealth Primary elections, Worker’s comp, state income tax, Progressive Taxation, RR and Utilities Regulation Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette also a presidential candidate Incorporating an important Progressive idea…

Gov Scott Walker 2015

Women Labor 1903 Oregon creates law limiting workday for women to just 10 hours Muller v. Oregon 1908 Louis D. Brandeis defends Oregon 100+ pages of data (facts????) showing evils of long hours of work on women’s health, neglect of children, weakened family unity Oregon wins In the following decade, 39 states create similar laws Also got states to pass employer’s liability laws

Child Labor Causes Effects All industries looked for unskilled cheap labor Children could be used for specific jobs to utilize their size (machines, mines) Immigrants needed extra income Effects Accidents, health problems National Child Labor Committee formed in 1904 (Photographer Lewis Hine)

Overturned by SCOTUS in 1918…that ruling will get overruled in 1941 Child Labor Act of 1916 Overturned by SCOTUS in 1918…that ruling will get overruled in 1941

Fed Gov tried to regulate Trusts  1887 – Interstate Commerce Act Created Interstate Commerce Commission… Intent was to regulate RRs & other interstate business 1890 – Sherman Anti-Trust Act Used against unions SCOTUS weakened it…few Presidents used it… Business gets a step ahead of it anyway (HCs)