Honors Solutions Notes

Common Solutions Air Shampoo Coffee Gasoline Cough Syrup

Key Terms Solution-a homogeneous mixture Solvent-substance present in the largest amount Solute-other substances (smaller amounts) Aqueous solutions-have water as the solvent

Example When we dissolve a teaspoon of sugar in a glass of water, what is the solute and solvent?

This is an aqueous solutions because water is the solvent Answers Sugar-solute Water-solvent This is an aqueous solutions because water is the solvent

Conductivity Electrolytes-solutions that conduct electricity (forms ions or is polar). Ex: NaCl-forms ions Na+1 and Cl-1 HCl-polar molecule H-Cl Nonelectrolytes-solutions that do not conduct electricity

Important rule in Solutions Like dissolves like

Like dissolves like Water and ethanol dissolve in each other because they have O-H groups (Water- HOH and Ethanol-C2H5OH)

Concentrations of solutions Unsaturated solution-solution that has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve in it Saturated solution-a solution has as much solute as will dissolve at a given temperature Supersaturated solution-solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution

Strength of Solutions Concentrated solution-has a large amount of solute dissolved Dilute solution-small amount of solute To find the concentration of solutions we use Mass percent, Molarity (M) and molality (m)

Mass Percent Mass percent = mass of solute x 100 mass of solution Ex: A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.0g of sodium chloride in 48g of water. Mass %=1.0g/49g x100 = 2.0%

Mass % (cont) A solution is prepared by mixing 1.00g of ethanol with 100.0g of water. Calculate the mass percent of ethanol.

Answer 0.990%

Part 2

Preparing/diluting solutions M1V1=M2V2 Ex: What volume of 16M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5L of a 0.10M sulfuric acid solution? 16(V)=(0.10)(1.5) V=0.0094L or 9.4mL

Example 2 What volume of 12M HCl must be taken to prepare 0.75L of 0.25M HCl?

Answer 0.016L or 16mL