Reaction Rates! How can you make a chemical reaction speed up? Today Reaction Rates! How can you make a chemical reaction speed up? Foldable notes H2O2 lab

Write on your paper if these reactions are fast or slow Rxn Rates Write on your paper if these reactions are fast or slow A rusting nail Combustion engine A burning log Bread molding

Combustion of gasoline How can we speed it up? Nail rusting Log burning Bread molding Combustion of gasoline

What is a reaction? You’ve got to COLLIDE!

Activation Energy- energy needed to start the reaction A catalyst LOWERS the activation energy (i.e. makes it easier to react!)

How to increase collisions? Temp. Surface Area Foldable time! Read p. 569-571 One sentence on how each speeds up a reaction (# of collisions) Reaction Rate http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/reactions-and-rates Concentration Catalyst

Increase # of particle collisions! To speed up a reaction… Increase # of particle collisions! Make it hotter Make it more concentrated Crush it! Add a “spark” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OttRV5ykP7A

More chances of collisions Concentration More chances of collisions To increase Molarity= either add more mol of particles or decrease volume

__H2O2  __H2O + __O2 Add 10ml H2O2 to a beaker Anything happening? Add 1 pinch of yeast Anything yet? Stir it. What did you make? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =2qlb8X_ffO8

Why do we keep food in the refrigerator? Exit Slip To speed up a reaction, you need to increase the # of ________ between particles Why do we keep food in the refrigerator?

Next Unit….Acids and Bases! Name any acids and bases off the top of your head What is an acid? What are its properties? Sour or tangy taste Bases are bitter and slippery

Phosphoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrofluoric acid Nitric acid Acid Formulas! Phosphoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrofluoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid

Arrhenius (not a pirate) Bronsted-Lowry Lewis Three Acid Models Three definitions of an acid thanks to: Arrhenius (not a pirate) Bronsted-Lowry Lewis

Acidic solution: H+ > OH- Basic solution: H+ < OH- pH Scale (measures H+) Acid Neutral Base 0 7 14 Acidic solution: H+ > OH- Basic solution: H+ < OH-

Lake Natron – Salty, Alkaline (basic) lake Trees killed from acid rain

H2O (l) + H2O (l) OH- + H3O+ Self-ionization Water produces = amounts of H+ and OH-, so it’s neutral Hydronium ion Self-ionization

Arrhenius Acids produce H+ in solution HCl  H+ + Cl- Bases produce OH- NaOH  Na+ + OH-

Arrhenius’s Problem Bronsted-Lowry NH3 and Na2CO3 don’t have OH- groups, but still are bases… Bronsted-Lowry Acids: H+ donor Bases: H+ acceptor

Write the formula or name Sodium phosphate Calcium hydroxide Carbon pentahydride ZnCO3 Fe2S3

Homework! (That’s right!) Identify 6 substances around your house (3 acid, 3 base) Must include its pH (Google it) Its properties or uses Due Friday!

Exit Slip The rate of reaction is affected by what 4 factors? What is the difference between an acid and a base?